Innovation Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Innovation - Literature review Example This paper is a literature review of innovation as an important driver of firm profitability and performance, and as a vital source of competitive advantage in any industry. The ability of a business to arrive at creative and insightful designs and methods by which it may meet consumer demands and expectations has always been an attribute that culls consumer loyalty to its products and services. The same is true with the construction industry, where different construction firms are held to public scrutiny by such standards as cost, speed and quality of project execution, but also increasingly by its track record for safety and environment sustainability, its consistency with contemporary concepts of fair and ethical leadership, and the aesthetics and beauty of its design and craftsmanship. In comparative studies among various commercial undertakings, the construction industry noticeably lags behind in terms of innovation, research and development. Industry participants cite the overr iding emphasis on cost minimization in an era of constantly rising materials prices, skilled manpower costs, and administrative expenses. Recent institutional initiatives have been taken to promote innovation in construction, such as the formation of integrated teams and innovative leadership, the most efficient use of information transfer and knowledge management, radical breakthroughs in materials research and construction methods and techniques, and the education of the public to develop a culture more receptive to innovation. The enhancement of an innovative culture in construction requires a broad-based and concerted collaboration among industry firms, associations, regulatory agencies, and other entities in the value chain. Key words: construction, innovation, branded innovation, agile innovation, transformational leadership, information and communication technology, integrated teams Introduction The concept of innovation is often associated with the manufacturing, technology, and retail industries because of the necessity of keeping up with the tastes and preferences of a fickle consumer market. Construction is seldom associate with such dynamic changes, however, because the considerable investment and long-term duration of its products are seen to be better served by strict compliance with building codes, safety standards, and conventional practices to allow much leeway for experimentation and creative revision (Patterson, 2011, p. 18). Innovation in the construction business is a relatively novel concept that has developed in the recent few decades, the scope and scale of which still remains largely undefined as may be observed from the academic studies which have dealt on it. The following survey of related literature will seek to shed light on the generally accepted meaning of innovation in construction, the new paradigms and models emerging from a rethinking of this concept, and the importance of innovation to the construction business. Innovation: definition and effects According to Lundvall (1992, p. 8) innovation is described as potentially new processes, products or strategies that â€Å"result in radical breaks with the past, making a substantial part of accumulated knowledge obsolete.† It has also been defined as consisting of â€Å"the generation of a new idea and its implementation into a new product, process, or service, leading to the dynamic growth of the national economy and the increase of employment, as well as to a creation of pure profit for the innovative business enterprise† (Urabe, Child & Kagono, 1988, p. 3) The classic view espoused by Milton Friedman places priority on the profits realized by a business. In return for financial gains, business contributes much to the improvement of society. According to Ahlstrom (2010), the reverse is actually true – the principal goal of business is the development of innovative goods and services, which in turn generate economic growth and employme nt. Innovation thus improves peoples’

United States War Against Iraq in 2003 Essay Example for Free

United States War Against Iraq in 2003 Essay The debate on the rationality behind the justification of the United States war against Iraq in 2003 calls various levels of analysis. The same debate has been viewed by various human activists at different scopes of understanding. At one level, a portion of them argues that it was unjustified when arguing under the autonomy of the civilian population and other members of the armed forces who were killed and injured in the process. As a requirement of any war attack, the human rights commission requires that the civilian population should be separated from the armed forces. They and their property should not be an object of attack. On the other point of view of human activists, the U. S attack in Iraq was a fundamental step towards liberating the country and the world in general from the dictatorship rule of Saddam Hussein. However, the debate implication would only be valid on weighing out the strengths of the two opposing sides. (http://www. globalpolicy. org/security/issues/iraq/attackindex. htm) Broadly, the justification of the war is cordial towards parameters of safeguarding humanity when our argument is based on essence and intention of the war. Unlike how many people, states and organizations percept, this was not an exercise towards elaborating to the global community the powers that were held by U. S over the global community. However, a counteractive and an opposing argument to what is conceived in the minds of such persons would be used to describe analyze who Saddam was under the context of global peace and harmony. Generally, the historical background of Saddam’s dictatorship has its roots since many years ago. Through the historical background of his dictatorial leadership, it would be logical to relate adequately and strike a balance between the effects of the U. S attack and the relative effects of Saddam to the world at large. On grounds of human rationality however, it could be argued that the invasion was a crucial modality towards restituting the Iraq state and the contemporary world of their democracy and liberty that had been intercepted by Saddam. He could have been argued as an icon behind the compromise of the global peace. Though the basic intention behind the invasion was to get Saddam out of power, the same scenario went ahead to compromising the civilian population rights through death and mass destruction of both private and public property. However, every threshold of such destruction and the relative destruction that had been done by Saddam should be weighed on a balance of which was more effecting. Generally, the mass killing by Saddam since his invasion on Kuwait coupled with other dictatorial killings in Iraq however out weighs the impact of the U. S invasion on Iraq in 2003. Few worlds and descriptions can be made on Saddam. Perhaps, we could say that he was brutal, dictatorial and a murderer who required any method of forcing him out of his power. However, since he had denied stepping down of his leadership, the only rational implement that could have restituted the contemporary world against Saddam’s dictatorial power was through invasion by United States. (http://www. globalpolicy. org/security/issues/iraq/attackindex. htm) It goes without saying that the massive genocide that was waged by Saddam would only been provided with amnesty through bringing justice into book. However, we are left to wonder on the exact scope of justified restitution which would have compensated humanity the negative effects characterized by merciless killings, genocides and war attacks by Saddam. On and above t5his, we should not forget about the weapons of mass destruction which included nuclear weapons that were in possession and manufacturing by Saddam. Rationally therefore, this invasion was an important step towards providing democratic amnesty to the global community that had been compromised by Saddam’s leadership. Both Iraq and the world in general were in fear of Saddam’s authorities. Great attribute should thus go to the United states in its provision of a benchmark towards contemporary democracy to the world. The effects of the invasion were far below the negative consequences of mass killing that had been caused by Saddam. Reference War Against Iraq: U. N Security Council. Retrieved on 15th May 2008 from http://www. globalpolicy. org/security/issues/iraq/attackindex. htm

Opinions Of Experts In The Search For Knowledge Philosophy Essay

Opinions Of Experts In The Search For Knowledge Philosophy Essay Experts are those who are specialists and practice a particular profession, therefore many people tend to place a huge amount of trust in the hands of these people as they believe that the expert knows what he is doing, unlike themselves. This trust leads to the belief of everything the experts tell us. Therefore in the search for knowledge, we tend to use experts in order to prove our point, as it is the experts who must know the real truth about the subject that they have been studying and investigating. A simple example would be when we visit the doctor and take the medication he gives us without reading about them first, we trust them because of their credentials. In truth, experts are the people who have been looking into all sorts of beliefs and coming out with truths. Every time we learn something new about space, earth, or the earths inhabitants it is because an expert or a group of experts has finally come out with a truthful result from all his research and work. This is wh at gains our trust in experts, because they tend to be right with what they say, as once they discover an answer to something, it then becomes clear to us when explained, therefore the truth; such as the discovery of a new planet or new species. Though what if are now holding too much trust in experts? Do they sometimes have the ability to take advantage of us with items of proclaimed truths and discoveries? The opinions of experts are what I look for when I am researching a topic or trying to prove a point. Once I have found the opinion I repeat it to others carrying on the apparent knowledge, spreading it as I feel confident and correct, such as the wrongly proven fact that you could only fold a paper seven times or less, or that the ratio of dog years to human years is 1:7. Though all this confidence comes from another human being, as we are all equal I hold my knowledge of apparent truth in the hands of someone who is just as good as I am. Yes, this expert has achieved degrees and maybe some awards for his knowledge, but in this search for knowledge and confidence I do not search for these credentials. I am gullible, and with such a broad use with the internet many misconceptions can be spread due to unqualified, incorrect experts, such as the craze for the bonsai kittens which were grown into jars and the internet told us that it was common in China, this of course was proven to be hoax but it shows us the influence internet has. Therefore the trust that I hold in the name of an expert has now been betrayed. Everything we know about the earth and its surroundings today has been discovered by experts. Those people who have studied in a particular profession for many years and have then ventured into discovering more than they already knew. Once they discover more, new knowledge, it opens more doors leading to an even greater expansion of knowledge such as the recent discovery that a zebrafishs heart can heal itself; this opens doors to scientists as they try to discover if this concept can help humans. The rest of the population are shown the newly discovered knowledge and of course believe it. Experts therefore hold power over the impressionable minds of the rest of the population. I believe that they do have the power to take advantage of people and give them false knowledge because we trust their credentials and their knowledge because we do not know any better than them, especially in this field of study. Though what happens if there is more than one opinion on a piece of knowledge and both sides have proof to back up their argument? A good example of this is whether global warming is increasing due to an increased amount of global warming gasses being released, or whether it is a natural occurrence in nature; those who call global warming a hoax. A documentary produced by Martin Durkin claims that global warming is a government-supported scheme in order to gain publicity and money, proclaiming it to be the biggest scam of modern times.. The film is also backed up by experts including scientists such as Patrick Moore, former member of  Greenpeace  but for the past 21 years a critic of the organization. Whereas the Oscar winning documentary entitled An Inconvenient Truth, written by Al Gore, a previous president of the United States and the winner of a Nobel Peace Prize for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the fou ndations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change, promotes the necessity in the education of the human population about global warming and how to lower green house gas emissions. This is due to the, apparent, drastic effect on the earth we have created ourselves. This information tells us that experts may have different opinions and therefore influence different people giving these people confidence in the belief that what they know is the truth, yet only one can be correct. The novel entitled WRONG: Why experts keep failing usand how to know when not to trust them written by David Freedman reveals the truth about how experts mislead the public due to their high stature, directly discussing what I believe to be true, that it incredibly difficult to not trust your senses when it comes to trusting experts. You may have a different opinion to that of an expert. If so, which would be more important? Who should you trust most, you own senses, or an expert who may have been studying that field for many years? How sure are you that your senses may be misleading you with delusions that can be caused due to factors such as hallucinations or maybe even colour blindness? Would you change your mind if there was more support for the experts evidence than for yours? Though then we must look into the reliability of evidence rather than belief. There is no proof that God exists yet people trust experts when it comes to religion, and many people would say that a priest is an expert in the Christian faith, even though he doesnt have proof, and relies on belief. The importance of an expert therefore relies on your instincts and what your own opinion is. Opinion is the most important part because otherwise we wouldnt get anywhere in life and wouldnt have discovered what we have today. Knowledge should b e backed up by proof and if you have an opinion you should discover that truth. Experts merely provide their own opinions and therefore can be incorrect as they are simply humans. It is your choice whether to believe them or not and you must be reminded that you have the ability to disagree as many people seep in every word given to them by an expert without understanding and viewing the evidence. When looking for an answer the opinion from more than one expert can help discover the truth, such as diagnosing a sick patient, and all minds think differently and may come up with different solutions. Therefore it is very important to get opinions from experts, especially when it is a second opinion but we must not rely on those opinions as they are simply an idea, an idea which needs to be researched more. From a medical point of view, 40% of coma patients in a vegetative state may be misdiagnosed, this tells us that doctors, experts, are wrong 40% of the time when it comes to coma patients proving my point that they can be wrong and their opinion should not be instinctively trusted. In this case though it shows us how a doctors opinion is crucially important as we rely on them with our lives, though the more opinions you get is better. Experts are hard workers who have aims in achieving knowledge and proving what they believe to be knowledge, in doing so they gain the supports from others. Their opinions are incredibly important as they provide us with a different or new understanding though we must learn which points of knowledge are credible and who to believe. In this I think we should investigate their proof and trust our instincts and get the opinions of others in order to confirm your result as instincts can be deceived.

Williams Cat on a Hot Tin Roof Essay -- Williams Cat Hot Tin Roof Ess

Williams' "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof" In 'Cat on a Hot Tin Roof' Williams presents the audience with w world of mendacity. Every fibre of the character's being is based on a spectrum of deceit, from self-deception, to exploitation to social lies. The characters' names themselves conceal the irony and deceit, for example Brick, the leading man. The name Brick itself suggests a tough, strong man, but Brick's character suggests a weak, pathetic man who tries hard to forget his past by indulging in a life of alcohol. Brick is mentally insecure, he lies to himself and those around him, in the first scene he pretends not to hear his wife, 'did you say something, Maggie?' The other members of the household refer to Brick as the brick house that sheltered the 'three little pigs', the strong structure that cannot be easily blown down. The 'no-neck monsters', Mae and Goopers children are the pigs, sheltered by the security of Brick. In the play lying is used to 'protect' other people's feelings because 'the truth hurts'. A web of lies covers the truth about the state of Big Daddy's health. This is to 'protect' Big Daddy and his wife from the painful reality, 'Nothin' a-tall's wrong with him but' 'a spastic colon'. Lies are used to disguise the characters real feelings, they live a lie putting on 'jewelled sandals' and 'cream silk underwear' to stop their feelings being shown. Gooper and Mae are partners in games of lies and deceit, working together to get their wishes, the inheritance from Big Daddy. The name Big Daddy suggests a physically imposing man with a big ego and Big Mama suggests a frightening woman, head of the family, a matriarch. Their names suggest how they would like others to see them but they do not... .... She builds herself up by putting Maggie down, by the end her comments have worn thin and she is ignored when she questions Maggie's 'pregnancy', Big Mama only believes what she wants to hear. It is this pressure to fit in to the family that is the source of most of the lies in the play; the audience is constantly left guessing the future, the family's lives beyond the death of 'the boss', Big Daddy. Williams leaves the end of the play open to this guessing, will Maggie get pregnant by Brick? The real question though is will Brick be able to face up to the responsibility of replacing Big Daddy and will the uncovered lies mean a truthful future for the family? I think that this is an interesting way to leave the play as it does not end 'happily ever after' but there is finally hope for the future for Maggie and Brick now they have faced up to the truth.

Diabetes And Periodontal Disease

INTRODUCTIONDiabetes and periodontal disease are both highly prevalent in the general population. A disease of the metabolism, diabetes has far reaching effects in the body. It affects the body’s capacity to fight infections and regenerate. Periodontal disease, though limited to the oral cavity, can influence systemic health. The effect of diabetes on periodontal disease has been studied extensively in the past. Now, with the advent of periodontal medicine, the effects of periodontal disease on development and control of diabetes are under scrutiny. We shall be seeing the cyclic relationship of these two diseases, and how control of one can lead to improved control of the other.DIABETESDiabetes mellitus is a systemic disease with several major complications affecting both the quality and length of life. It is an endocrine disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. Diminished insulin production, impaired action of insulin or both, lead to decreased transport of glucose to the tissues. This leads to an elevated blood sugar level.There are two types of diabetes, depending on the cause:Type 1 (insulin dependant diabetes mellitus) It is caused due to autoimmune destruction of the ÃŽ ² cells of the pancreatic Islets of Langerhans.Type 2 (non insulin dependant diabetes mellitus)It is caused by resistance of peripheral receptors to the action of insulin.Both types of diabetes are associated with many long term complications. These include nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications. Periodontitis is now considered to be the sixth complication of diabetes.It is also associated with poor wound healing and susceptibility to infections.PERIODONTAL DISEASEPeriodontal disease can be defined as ‘An inflammatory disease of the supporting tissues of the teeth caused by specific microorganisms or groups of specific microorganisms, in a susceptible host, resulting in progressive destruction of the periodontal ligam ent and alveolar bone with pocket formation, recession or both.’Periodontitis is an ongoing process characterized by phases of destruction and quiescence. The destruction is influenced by many systemic factors like dietary deficiencies, hormonal balance and host defense. Condition like vitamin c deficiency, pregnancy, immune deficiency and diabetes affect periodontal disease.DIABETES AS AN AGGRAVATING FACTOR OF PERIODONTAL DISEASEThe oral manifestations of diabetes include mucositis, burning mouth, candidiasis, abscesses, gingival polyps and periodontal disease. Diabetes, when a complication of Periodontitis, acts as a modifying and aggravating factor in the severity of periodontal infection. Diabetics with periodontitis demonstrate more attachment loss, bone loss, and deeper probing pocket depths than non-diabetic individuals. The earlier the onset of diabetes, and the poorer the control, more is the susceptibility to periodontal disease. Also, when a diabetic individual con tracts periodontal disease, it is of a greater severity than in non-diabetic individuals.Change in the MicrofloraDiabetic individuals show elevated levels of glucose in the blood. This leads to elevated glucose levels in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). This changes the environment of the periodontal microflora. There is a qualitative change of micro-organisms between non-diabetic and diabetic individuals. Studies have shown an increase in the number of Capnocytophaga and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcometans subgingivally in diabetic individuals.Microvascular Angiopathy:Diabetes leads to microvascular angiopathy, causing a compromised delivery of blood and nutrients to the periodontal tissues. There is a decrease in the removal of toxic metabolites from the tissues. There is a constant release of toxins from the plaque. Thus microangiopathy can cause tissue destruction.Collagen Turnover:Collagen metabolism is defective in diabetics. Hyperglycemia is associated with an increase in protease and collagenase activity. There is an increase in Accumulated Glycation End-products (AGEs). These AGEs cause cross-linkage of collagen fibers. These fibers, then, are not repaired or replaced. This causes decreased wound healing.Immune Response:Diabetes also leads to a diminished immune response. Diabetic abnormalities in immune response include impaired neutrophil chemotaxis, phagocytosis and adhesion. Certain protein factors in diabetic serum competitively bind neutrophil receptors, thereby preventing complement-mediated phagocytosis. The body’s defense system is thus undermined, predisposing to infections.Cytokine Regulation:Diabetics show an increase of inflammatory cytokines from monocytes/ polymorphonuclear leukocytes and reduction in growth factors from macrophages. This predisposes to chronic inflammation, tissue breakdown and diminished repair capacity. There is an increase in Interleukin1 (IL1) and Tumor necrosis factor ÃŽ ± (TNFÃŽ ±). These, in turn in crease the release of enzymes that destroy gingival connective tissue, and promote the formation of osteoclasts.Bone FormationDiabetes has also been found to impair the ability of new bone formation. It interferes with the process of coupling. This diminished capacity of new bone formation interferes with the ability of a diabetic individual to repair the loss of tissue that occurs in periodontal disease.Bacterial plaque is the primary etiologic factor of periodontal disease, but diabetes complicates periodontal disease by altering host response to plaque and reducing the ability to heal following surgery.PERIODONTAL DISEASE AS A MODIFYING FACTOR FOR DIABETESThe interrelationship between Periodontitis and diabetes provides an example of systemic disease predisposing to oral infection, and once that infection is established, the oral infection exacerbates systemic disease.Effects of Infection on Glycemic ControlGlycemic control is affected by all kinds of infections. Systemic bacteri al and viral infections cause a resistance in the peripheral tissue receptors to insulin.In case of periodontal disease, there is a persistent bacterial infection which acts in a manner similar to other systemic infections. The presence of severe periodontal disease worsens glycemic control. This effect is more pronounced in Gram negative infections.Insulin ResistancePeriodontal infection causes an increase in the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, like interleukin1 (IL1) and tumor necrosis factor ÃŽ ± (TNFÃŽ ±). Studies have demonstrated that TNFÃŽ ± suppresses insulin action via its specific receptor; hence, it exacerbates insulin resistance, producing an insulin resistance syndrome similar to that observed in diabetes. It initiates destruction of pancreatic beta cells leading to development of diabetes.Insulin resistance prevents glucose uptake into the tissues and increases the blood glucose level. The pancreas, thus, have to step up the production of insulin. This effect is s een in normal individuals as well as diabetics.Periodontitis, Diabetes and PregnancyPeriodontitis is particularly a problem in pregnant, diabetic women. Periodontitis causes an increase in biologic fluids, inducing labor. In this manner, it is associated with pre term, low birth weight babies. Diabetic women are more prone to Periodontitis than non diabetic women. They also tend to have more bone loss, more attachment loss and deeper pockets than non diabetic women. Diabetes, independently, also causes complications during childbearing.The effect of Periodontitis on the duration of pregnancy is exacerbated in diabetics.Periodontitis can also cause a loss of glycemic control in this crucial time. Thus, it is important that the periodontal health of pregnant, diabetic women be evaluated. Proper treatment modalities should be undertaken to avoid an unfavorable outcome.Treatment of Periodontitis in DiabeticsRecent evidence suggests that Periodontitis should be treated differently in dia betic individuals. Periodontal surgery and the resultant transient bacteremia can cause an up regulation of TNFÃŽ ±. This aggravates insulin resistance and upsets glycemic control. Thus Periodontitis in diabetic individuals should be treated non-surgically. The treatment of Periodontitis causes elimination of the bacterial challenge. This leads to a better tissue response to insulin. Normal tissue response is restored over time. Treatment of Periodontitis, thus, improves glycemic control. This is more apparent in patients with severe Periodontitis.CONCLUSIONPeriodontal disease is the result of a complex interplay of bacterial infection and host responses, and is often modified by various systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus. Such diseases are capable of affecting the periodontium and/or the treatment of periodontal disease.On the other hand, recent research indicated that periodontitis too can influence the course of a systemic disease like diabetes.In order to understand the cellular/molecular mechanisms responsible for such a cyclical association, one must identify common physiological changes associated with diabetes and periodontitis that produce a synergy when the conditions coexist. When one of the diseases is under control, control of the other disease is facilitated.Not only is periodontal disease thereby affected by systemic diseases, but carefully managed periodontal therapy may also have a positive effect on the general health of patients with systemic diseases. Â  

Caso de menores centroamericanos detenidos en frontera

Caso de menores centroamericanos detenidos en frontera La crisis de la frontera dejà ³ unos 70,000 menores centroamericanos detenidos por la Patrulla de Fronteriza (CBP, por sus siglas en inglà ©s), tras cruzar ilegalmente la frontera de Estados Unidos. Se estima que en el aà ±o fiscal 2015 el asunto de los menores que cruzan ilegalmente la frontera puede llegar a ocasionar a Estados Unidos gastos por importe de $2 billones (dos mil millones de dà ³lares). Por ley, cuando un menor de 18 aà ±os es detenido por la CBP su informacià ³n no se introduce en la base de datos en la que aparecen los nombres, nacionalidad y lugar de detencià ³n de los indocumentados que han sido arrestados. (Para saber si un adulto est detenido por Inmigracià ³n, aquà ­ est la base de datos en la que verificar). Tampoco se les envà ­a a los centros de detencià ³n donde estn retenidos los inmigrantes adultos.   En este artà ­culo se explica: Procedencia de los nià ±os (que determina en algunos casos quà © pasa inmediatamente despuà ©s de la detencià ³n)Razones por las que viajan a Estados Unidos (ya que algunas causas podrà ­an servir de base para una vez aquà ­ buscar una salida migratoria para poder quedarse legalmente)Lugar en el que se les da alojamientoDà ³nde encontrar ayuda legalQuà © pasa cuando se les envà ­a de regreso a su paà ­s  ¿De quà © paà ­ses proceden los esos nià ±os? Estos unaccompanied minors, como se les conoce en inglà ©s en el lenguaje de Inmigracià ³n, proceden principalmente de: HondurasGuatemalaEl Salvador De esos tres paà ­ses proceden el 74 por ciento de los menores arrestados. Y en menor medida, de Mà ©xico. Pero han llegado a la frontera menores de Asia (Sri Lanka) y frica (Tanzania). Para llegar a la frontera de Estados Unidos han viajado por semanas, e incluso meses, distancias que pueden superar las mil millas. El viaje est lleno de peligros extremadamente graves. Se ha documentado toda clase de abusos, como extorsià ³n, violaciones sexuales, violencia fà ­sica, secuestros, mutilaciones, prostitucià ³n, obligacià ³n para transportar drogas para traficantes e, incluso, asesinatos.  ¿Quià ©nes son esos nià ±os? En su mayorà ­a son varones adolescentes, pero se aprecia una tendencia con cada vez ms muchachas y nià ±os de ambos gà ©neros menores de 13 aà ±os. Se han dado casos en los que la CBP se ha encontrado a nià ±os de tan sà ³lo cinco aà ±os.  ¿Por quà © huyen de sus paà ­ses e inician un viaje tan lleno de peligros extremos hacia Estados Unidos? La razà ³n principal es la violencia, los nià ±os escapan de: las gangas (pandillas, gangs) y de su presià ³n para reclutarlos a ellos o a familiares.traficantes de drogas y toda la violencia que crean a su alrededor.situaciones de violencia domà ©stica grave Inician su camino hacia Estados Unidos porque creen que aquà ­ pueden encontrar una situacià ³n mejor y porque muchos de ellos tienen en el paà ­s a al menos un familiar (padre, padre, hermano, tà ­os, etc).  ¿Quà © sucede cundo la CBP los arresta? Si los detenidos son menores  mexicanos son, en casi todos los casos, enviados de regreso a su paà ­s en cuestià ³n de horas por un acuerdo binacional. Sin embargo à ºltimamente hay un cambio en esta polà ­tica para los jà ³venes mexicanos. Pero Estados Unidos no tienen ningà ºn acuerdo de este tipo con los paà ­ses de Centroamà ©rica. Por eso, cuando un menor de ese paà ­s es arrestado tras cruzar ilegalmente la frontera esto es lo que pasa: Queda en custodia de la CBP por unas horas o unos dà ­as. Si necesita asistencia mà ©dica, se le brinda.Pasa a estar bajo custodia del Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de EEUU. A estos muchachos les acoge en centros destinados de la Oficina de Reasentamiento de Refugiados (ORR, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). En la actualidad, hay 80 centros dedicados a alojar a estos menores, la mayorà ­a estn en los estados fronterizos, pero no siempre. Algunos de ellos estn gerenciados por organizaciones como Catholic Charities y SouthWest Key. Si estas instalaciones estn llenas, como ocurre ahora donde se est alojando aproximadamente cada dà ­a a 25,000 nià ±os, se recurre a barracones militares, como es el caso de la Base del Ejà ©rcito del Aire en Lackland, Texas. Los nià ±os estn atendidos, van a la escuela en las propias instalaciones pero no pueden salir, excepto por circunstancias excepcionales, como ir a consulta de un psicà ³logo o mà ©dico. Y lo hacen acompaà ±ados.En general los muchachos estn en estas instalaciones una media de 40-45 dà ­as (antes se estaba ms). A partir de ahà ­ la mayorà ­a -aproximadamente el 90 por ciento- pasa a estar en custodia de un familiar que se encuentre en Estados Unidos. Si no tienen familiar, pueden ir a Centros de Acogida para Menores (youth shelters, en cualquier parte del paà ­s).   Al ser menores de edad sus nombres no aparecen en la base de datos de personas detenidas por la CBP.  ¿Cul es la situacià ³n migratoria de estos menores y cules son sus opciones? Han entrado ilegalmente en Estados Unidos, por lo tanto, se inicia un procedimiento de deportacià ³n en su contra. Al cabo de 1-2 aà ±os la inmensa mayorà ­a acaba siendo deportado y enviado de regreso a su paà ­s de origen. Estos son los tiempos medios de demora para los casos ante Corte migratoria segà ºn el estado.  ¿Cà ³mo se puede luchar para que no se produzca la deportacià ³n? Se estima (no se sabe con seguridad) que aproximadamente un 40-50 por ciento de estos menores podrà ­a beneficiarse de alguna de las siguientes medidas: AsiloVisas para và ­ctimas de trfico humano o violencia criminal Programa de Estatus Especial de Inmigrantes Juveniles, conocido en inglà ©s como SIJ, para menores de 21 aà ±os no casados que han sido gravemente abusados y/o abandonados por sus padres o guardianesO alguna otra medida de alivio para la que puedan calificar Cuando estn bajo la custodia de ORR pueden tener contacto con organizaciones pro bono de defensa legal, con los que establecer contacto para el juicio de deportacià ³n. Pero un gran problema es que no todos los menores son contactados. Ni tampoco los familiares bajo cuya custodia quedan mientras se tramita todo el proceso de la deportacià ³n. Son situaciones legales complicadas para las que la mejor opcià ³n es contar con un abogado especialista en estos temas. Pero ni los nià ±os ni sus familias estn, en la mayorà ­a de los casos, en situacià ³n de pagar por un letrado. Y en corte de Inmigracià ³n, por ser un asunto civil, el gobierno no pone abogado de oficio a las personas que no pueden pagarlo. Sin embargo, sà ­ que convendrà ­a intentar buscar ayuda legal, en la forma de abogados pro bono. Se puede contactar con KIND (Kinds in Need of Defense), una organizacià ³n sin fin de lucro en Washington D.C. que puede poner en contacto a los menores con abogados que los pueden representar en corte sin tener que pagar, si no tienen medios econà ³micos. Si se est en la zona del Bajo Valle de Rà ­o Grande, se puede contactar con ProBar. O pedir una cita en organizaciones como Catholic Charities para ver si pueden hacer un referido a un abogado que trabaje pro bono en estos casos de menores que llegaron sin estar acompaà ±ados de adultos.  ¿Quà © pasa cuando el juez de Inmigracià ³n resuelve? Si se concede alguna medida de alivio, se pueden quedar en Estados Unidos. Hay que saber muy bien cul se concede ya que cada una tiene sus propias caracterà ­sticas, derechos y obligaciones. Si se ordena la deportacià ³n se les enviar de regreso a sus paà ­ses en vuelos de deportados.

Timeline for Applying to Law School

Timeline for Applying to Law School As most people are aware, preparing to pursue a career in law involves a total of eight years of education, starting with a bachelors degree in a similar field. Therefore, it is advised that hopeful applicants to law school should begin preparing to apply at least a year ahead of time, during the junior and senior year of their bachelors program.   Discover the timeline below to find out the best methods for applying for and completing your law school degree, the first step into an exciting career in the field.   Junior Year First things first: do you want to go to law school? Around the beginning of the junior year of your bachelor degree, you should determine if a path into law is right for you. If so, you can begin researching law schools to apply to on the LSAC site  and schedule your  LSAT  for either February or June of the following semester.   During the following months, its best to begin preparation for this all-important test. If you are taking the LSAT in February, immerse yourself in studying. Consider taking a preparation course or hiring a tutor. Review test prep books and take as many exams as you have access to. Registration for each exam must be completed at least  30 days before the tests - remember that seats do fill up at testing locations, so booking early is advised. Developing relationships with professors in the field would also be advisable at this time. You will need them to write  recommendation letters  for your application. Cultivate relationships with these faculty, and they will have a positive response (and good things to say) when it is time for you to ask. You should also meet with a pre-law advisor or another faculty member who can provide you with information and feedback on your progress toward gaining admission into law school.   In the spring (or summer, depending on when you schedule it), you will take your LSAT. Your score will be available three weeks after the exam. If your LSAT score  is high enough for a good chance of admission, you dont have to worry with this again. However, if you feel you might do better, there are two more opportunities to retake the LSAT: once in June and again in October.   Summer Between Junior and Senior Year If you need to retake the LSAT, remember to register more than 30 days in advance for the June test. If you still dont believe the score is good enough to get you into your chosen  law schools, you may retake it in October. In that case, spend the summer studying up and meeting with other professionals in the field to get insight on how best to take the test.   At this time, it is essential that you register with the LSDAS and begin your Credential Assembly Service application, complete with having your higher education  transcripts sent to LSDAS. You should also start finalizing your list of top choices of schools youd like to apply for. Narrowing down your selection will prevent wasting money on applications to schools you dont want and help in understanding what you should be sending out in your resumes (each school is slightly different).   Spend the summer gathering each schools application materials, downloading applications and requesting additional information and materials as needed. Draft your  personal statement and review it with your advisor, other professors, friends and family and anyone else who will read it and give feedback. Edit this and draft your resume, again seeking feedback for both.   Fall, Senior Year As you enter your senior year, it is time to  request recommendation letters from faculty  who you have developed relationships with throughout your schooling. Youll typically want to send three of these letters along with each application. You will then need to provide the letter writer with  a copy of your resume, transcript and a summary of aspects of your academic, professional and personal life accomplishments for them to consider. If needed, continue updating your resume and take the October LSAT for your final chance to garner the highest score.   If you require financial aid, complete the  Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA), which makes you eligible to apply for it. Triple-check your law school applications before finalizing them with the Credential Application Service. Then prepare and submit  law school application forms to each school. It is important now to confirm that each application was received and is complete. Typically you will receive an email or postcard. If you dont, make contact with the admissions office. During this time, also do not forget to submit completed financial aid applications. Acceptance, Rejection or Wait-Listed It is important to keep your LSAC profile up to date, so submit your updated transcript to the LSAC upon entering the final semester of your senior year. As soon as January,  acceptance, rejection and wait-list letters begin to roll in. You will now need to evaluate acceptances and wait-list letters to determine which ones you will pursue further. If your application was rejected, evaluate your application and consider  reasons why  and  how to improve, if you decide to reapply. It is recommended that you visit law schools youve been accepted to, if possible. This way you can get a feel for not only the academic environment of the schools curriculum but also a feel for the community, landscape, location and campus of your preferred schools. If youve been accepted to multiple institutions, these could be the determining factors that help you choose which law school youll ultimately go to.   In any case, you should send thank you notes to faculty who have helped you. Let them know the outcome of your application and thank them for their help. Once you graduate college, send your final transcript to the school that you will attend.   Then, enjoy your last summer before law school and good luck in your next higher institution of learning.

Free Essays on The Effective Of A Positive Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual Identity On Depression In Homosexual College Students

In psychology, depression can be defined as: a psychiatric disorder characterized by an inability to concentrate, insomnia, loss of appetite, feelings of extreme sadness, guilt, hopelessness, and thoughts of death. Depression grows more and more common each and every day. Anti-depressant sales continue to rise, and psychologists’ rates are following right along with them. The demand for these â€Å"fixes† to depression is rising because of the newfound freeness to experience and embrace one’s own emotions. In the 1950s and 60s, it was much more common to see a housewife hiding her feelings and doing everything in her power to make her husband believe she could not be happier. Now, however, disturbing childhood memories, divorce, low self-esteem, paranoia, anxiety, and so on all are encouraged to be talked about and dealt with. America’s youth is currently at highest risk for depression. Societal rules, school, peer pressure, parental pressure, it all takes its toll in the forms of stress, anxiety, insomnia, and some more dangerous forms such as rage, drug use, and others. One particularly highly depressed age group is first year college students. The separation of student from his immediate family can sometimes cause the onset of serious depression and/or anxiety because of the loneliness and absence of the comfort that family brings. This, on the other hand, is a time full of changes because of the absence of constant parental scrutiny as well. For example, most people try their first drug, have sex for the first time, and even have sex with the same sex for the first time. This last â€Å"first experience† is one of particular interest in this case because depression in homosexuals of this age bracket tends to exist in fairly high numbers. In general, the correlation between homosexu als and depression is much stronger than heterosexuals and depression during the college years. It appears that homosexuals, especiall... Free Essays on The Effective Of A Positive Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual Identity On Depression In Homosexual College Students Free Essays on The Effective Of A Positive Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual Identity On Depression In Homosexual College Students In psychology, depression can be defined as: a psychiatric disorder characterized by an inability to concentrate, insomnia, loss of appetite, feelings of extreme sadness, guilt, hopelessness, and thoughts of death. Depression grows more and more common each and every day. Anti-depressant sales continue to rise, and psychologists’ rates are following right along with them. The demand for these â€Å"fixes† to depression is rising because of the newfound freeness to experience and embrace one’s own emotions. In the 1950s and 60s, it was much more common to see a housewife hiding her feelings and doing everything in her power to make her husband believe she could not be happier. Now, however, disturbing childhood memories, divorce, low self-esteem, paranoia, anxiety, and so on all are encouraged to be talked about and dealt with. America’s youth is currently at highest risk for depression. Societal rules, school, peer pressure, parental pressure, it all takes its toll in the forms of stress, anxiety, insomnia, and some more dangerous forms such as rage, drug use, and others. One particularly highly depressed age group is first year college students. The separation of student from his immediate family can sometimes cause the onset of serious depression and/or anxiety because of the loneliness and absence of the comfort that family brings. This, on the other hand, is a time full of changes because of the absence of constant parental scrutiny as well. For example, most people try their first drug, have sex for the first time, and even have sex with the same sex for the first time. This last â€Å"first experience† is one of particular interest in this case because depression in homosexuals of this age bracket tends to exist in fairly high numbers. In general, the correlation between homosexu als and depression is much stronger than heterosexuals and depression during the college years. It appears that homosexuals, especiall...

Obama may revive Guantanamo trials Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Obama may revive Guantanamo trials - Article Example it easier to delay terrorist’s trials because it will make the judicial and the military system of America to plan afresh and execute new terms that Obama believes will be fairer and easier to execute. The revival of the Guantanamo trials was a long way in the mind of the new president of America because prior to this revivals, he suspended the system of tribunal of America for sometime and during this time, a committee was formed to review the charges that were put against the over two hundred individuals who had been prisoned in Cuba as a result of suspecting them of terror attacks and organization of illegal gangs (Breaking News-Dade, 2009). Although this system will affect the trials of five men who were put in because they are suspected t have been the participants of the September 2001 bombing, the president has his stand that nothing but the truth will really make them guilty or not guilty. There have been a lot of criticisms against Obama suspending the trials at Guantanamo; the Republicans have strongly opposed it saying it’s a channel through which the terrorists will get a loophole to do their activities in the United States (The Vancouver Sun, 2009). They have rejected the ways that government has been put in place like the funding quest to shut down the prisons where these detainees are held. They held that such an action can only occur when there are newly revised rules and laws in the country that extend the rights that prisons under custody till their case are heard have. as a result there are still so many prisons in the country that still hold several prisoners in trial but there is really a strong move by Obama to really execute what he refers to as justice. The implications of the revivals of the Guantanamo trials are very desirable as has been put by several posts that support the leadership of this new president. There is the general belief that the suspects were detained just because of hearsay reports and this new move may make the

Knowledge initatives in business august 06 resit Essay

Knowledge initatives in business august 06 resit - Essay Example â€Å"Over the past 15 years there has been a growing interest in international strategic alliances and how organizations learn from their partners and develop new competencies through their collaborative efforts.† (Simonin, 2004) Hewlett-Packard and Ernst & Young are two such companies at the leading edge of their industries, partly because their company culture values and promotes the development and application of knowledge within the company. We will look at and compare these two companies and see how their strategy works to promote a network of useful knowledge being creatively applied, and how this has affected the companies. Hewlett-Packard and Ernst & Young are in two different industries, computer hardware and peripherals and business and financial consulting respectively, but they each leverage e-commerce solutions to promote and carry on business. They both employ very comprehensive websites, which are accessible and useful to the public to cultivate new business, serve current customers and spread knowledge about the company. These websites offer education, customer support and an infrastructure which facilitates both business to customer (B2C) and business to business (B2B) sales. Let us first look at each company and how it operated, its corporate culture and the methods employed for knowledge management. Then we can compare these to see what they have in common and how they differ, with perhaps and understanding of the reason for similarities and differences and how they work for each company. Ernst & Young is anything but young. The current company is a result of several mergers since the inception of the UK company Harding and Pullein in 1849. When American Frederick Whinney and his sons became partners in 1859, the company was renamed Whinney, Smith & Whinney to reflect the change. In 1903, Alwin and Theodore Ernst established Ernst in Cleveland, while Arthur Young and Company was formed in Chicago in 1906. So all original

Speech Perception and Language Processing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Speech Perception and Language Processing - Essay Example In this regard, any intervention that aims at developing the language of children, who have problems in learning language, should concentrate on natural language development through experience. The author uses the term ‘phonological processing’ frequently in the article to refer to the joint processes that enable the access to phonological structure before engaging the structure in further operations of language processing. The capacity to access phonological structure, such as reading, plays an important role in language processing. In order for a person to learn how to develop their language, say by learning to read, they must identify with the phonological units. Alphabetical labels are hooked these phonological units, mostly the phoneme-sized phonetic segments. The attachments of such alphabetical labels come in a series of orthographies. One of the most popular claims about the origin of problems faced by poor readers is that they have a compromised capacity to identify and manipulate phonological structure. Isabelle Liberman has a collection of articles that comprehensively document the language development and speech perception phenomena. According to Nittrouer (2002), phonological processing involves a number of aspects in the sense that competent language users employ three critical strategies regarding phonologic processing to other aspects of language processing. Phoneme-sized phonetic segments consist of the units of language organization that are the simplest. In this respect, phonetic segments have two clear links in the acoustic speech stream. Perhaps the unique fact about the phoneme-sized phonetic segments is that all human beings can access the segments from the time they are born. The author claims that enough scholarly evidence have established that the acoustic signal of speech does not have invariant physical links to phonetic segments. Furthermore, the capacity to identify segmental structure is absent

Company profile about an engineering company in United Arab Emirates Essay

Company profile about an engineering company in United Arab Emirates - Essay Example With its inception as a wholly state owned enterprise in 1979, Dubai Aluminium Company Limited (DUBAL) has been existent for the over 30 years. The main reason behind the states establishment of Dubai Aluminium Company Limited (DUBAL) was to add value to the vast countrys oil-rich mineral resource as it would result in the diversification of the UAE economy. The company’s production capacity has grown over the years with the installation of modern smelters that produce approximately one million metric tons of high-quality molten aluminium annually (Dubai Aluminium Company Limited n.d). Furthermore, DUBAL is currently overseeing an aggressive growth plan as it seeks to become one amongst the top five worldwide aluminium producers by the year 2015. As one of the leading producers of high quality finished aluminium, DUBAL owns one of the worldwide largest aluminium smelters plant. Established on a four hundred and eighty hectare site in Jebel Ali the company has established a state of the art plant centralized in one locality allowing it to function smoothly as it produces over one million metric tonnes of aluminium. Unlike other companies that operate in the United Arabs Emirates (UAE), DUBAL is one of Dubai’s industrial flagships it is one of the prevalent non-oil companies that adds up to the country’s economy. As a company that focuses on the production of high quality finished aluminum products, it serves a vast number of electronics and aerospace industries that operate worldwide. It focuses on its power of partnership with its employees, customers, government, suppliers, and the community under, which it operates. Dubai’s government founded Dubai Aluminium Company Limited (DUBAL) in order to boost its economy through production of high quality finished aluminum products for its users in the electronics and aerospace industries. As a result, DUBAL has

Negotiations in Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Negotiations in Management - Assignment Example Tax payers would disagree with the lengthening of the school day and year for fear of more taxes to cover the expense. Students would miss the free time of summer. Parents opposed to this idea would complain it is their job to raise their children, not the schools. It would be a breakdown of the family structure. Some Republicans might even suggest socialism. Possible Solutions: One solution would be more after school programs. Instead of teaching music, art, gym, and other extra activity curriculum in hours after school. This would allow more teaching time in the day, a lengthening of the school day, and a safe enviornment for children after school. This would be done during the school year without cutting out summer break. The second solution would be lengthen the year and day, but make parents volunteer or pay for the extra hours during the day. This would allay costs and allow parents to interact with their children at school. The last solution would be to not lengthen the school year or day, but make available more after school activities that are federally funded and parent involved. The last solution would probably work out the best for all parties. If schools could be opened after hours as a safe haven for children, with a learning environment, the individuals wanting to lengthen the school year might be happy. By having parents involved, costs could be cut down on hiring professional teachers for this time period. Of course, background checks would be completed by any volunteer. Children would not be stressed by too much education, but stimulated by school and after school

Agency and Franchising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Agency and Franchising - Essay Example Two types of retail business format are popular; agency and franchising. Agency or an agent can be broadly described as a person with an authority to represent another person, persons or corporation (called the Principal) (Brillinger, p214). The agent therefore, represents the principal in all the commercial transactions. It is important to understand that as the agent represents the principal, the principal, by default, becomes liable for all the acts of omission and commission of the agent. Even when the agent’s appointment may have pre-defined authority as given by the principal, the principal becomes responsible for all the leverages taken by the agent while conducting business on his behalf. The goods and services sold by the agent are owned by the principal, he is just the intermediary who acts on behalf of the owner of the goods and services. ‘By virtue of an agency, the seller contracts directly with the customer, who is seller’s customer, not that of agent’ (Ishani, 2007). The franchising is ‘a marketing system revolving around a two-party legal agreement, whereby the franchisee conducts business according to the terms specified by the franchisor’ (Longenecker, chapter 3). The process of ‘franchising’, therefore, has become popular in the emerging economy which presents wide scope for the parties, franchisee and the franchisor. The franchising format of business primarily comprises of licensing another person to run the business in a pre-determined format. The franchisor is able to expand his business and spread them in wider areas of operation in a relatively short time and with reduced capital cost. By facilitating goods and services to the franchisee, the franchisor is relieved of the pressures of day today operation and at the same time, he is able to control the appearance and operation of the franchisee

Company profile about an engineering company in United Arab Emirates Essay

Company profile about an engineering company in United Arab Emirates - Essay Example With its inception as a wholly state owned enterprise in 1979, Dubai Aluminium Company Limited (DUBAL) has been existent for the over 30 years. The main reason behind the states establishment of Dubai Aluminium Company Limited (DUBAL) was to add value to the vast countrys oil-rich mineral resource as it would result in the diversification of the UAE economy. The company’s production capacity has grown over the years with the installation of modern smelters that produce approximately one million metric tons of high-quality molten aluminium annually (Dubai Aluminium Company Limited n.d). Furthermore, DUBAL is currently overseeing an aggressive growth plan as it seeks to become one amongst the top five worldwide aluminium producers by the year 2015. As one of the leading producers of high quality finished aluminium, DUBAL owns one of the worldwide largest aluminium smelters plant. Established on a four hundred and eighty hectare site in Jebel Ali the company has established a state of the art plant centralized in one locality allowing it to function smoothly as it produces over one million metric tonnes of aluminium. Unlike other companies that operate in the United Arabs Emirates (UAE), DUBAL is one of Dubai’s industrial flagships it is one of the prevalent non-oil companies that adds up to the country’s economy. As a company that focuses on the production of high quality finished aluminum products, it serves a vast number of electronics and aerospace industries that operate worldwide. It focuses on its power of partnership with its employees, customers, government, suppliers, and the community under, which it operates. Dubai’s government founded Dubai Aluminium Company Limited (DUBAL) in order to boost its economy through production of high quality finished aluminum products for its users in the electronics and aerospace industries. As a result, DUBAL has

Agency and Franchising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Agency and Franchising - Essay Example Two types of retail business format are popular; agency and franchising. Agency or an agent can be broadly described as a person with an authority to represent another person, persons or corporation (called the Principal) (Brillinger, p214). The agent therefore, represents the principal in all the commercial transactions. It is important to understand that as the agent represents the principal, the principal, by default, becomes liable for all the acts of omission and commission of the agent. Even when the agent’s appointment may have pre-defined authority as given by the principal, the principal becomes responsible for all the leverages taken by the agent while conducting business on his behalf. The goods and services sold by the agent are owned by the principal, he is just the intermediary who acts on behalf of the owner of the goods and services. ‘By virtue of an agency, the seller contracts directly with the customer, who is seller’s customer, not that of agent’ (Ishani, 2007). The franchising is ‘a marketing system revolving around a two-party legal agreement, whereby the franchisee conducts business according to the terms specified by the franchisor’ (Longenecker, chapter 3). The process of ‘franchising’, therefore, has become popular in the emerging economy which presents wide scope for the parties, franchisee and the franchisor. The franchising format of business primarily comprises of licensing another person to run the business in a pre-determined format. The franchisor is able to expand his business and spread them in wider areas of operation in a relatively short time and with reduced capital cost. By facilitating goods and services to the franchisee, the franchisor is relieved of the pressures of day today operation and at the same time, he is able to control the appearance and operation of the franchisee

Adventurous Days in Florida Essay Essay Example for Free

Adventurous Days in Florida Essay Essay There are three incredible reasons I would want to convince someone to go to the state of Florida. The warm, hard to believe weather, the fun beaches, and incredible, outstanding boardwalks are great reasons to go to Florida. These three things go hand in hand as well. You can spend all day at the beach, but if you have children you are sure to end up at the boardwalk, but with the nice weather Florida has, it is no problem. There are more than three reasons for me to convince you to go to warm state of Florida; however, these are three of the best. The weather is always nice, and you never have to worry about snow storms. Sun block is advised if you burn easily, but it is nice weather for tanning. Family activities go on year round. Florida is a very active state due to their amazing weather. You can do just about anything in Florida as far as sports go, because the weather is so unusual. You wear whatever you want due to the fact it is never too cold and never too hot. All these things are terrific things about the weather in Florida. Beaches have advantages and disadvantages, but if you read these great tips you will be just fine. The water can cool you off after a long day at work or even a day after the board walk; however, sun block is strongly advised. The best part about the beach is it is convenient for everyone, because the beach is there for swimming, tanning, fun, family activities, sports, exercise, and you can even take your dog on a nice walk out there. With the many people there though, you must make sure you keep a good eye on your children at all times. There are so many things at the beach that you can do and it is free, unlike water parks. Lastly, the fun-filled boardwalk every child wants to adventure. There are so many rides, arcades, food areas, and shopping areas, and as you are doing these things you can sit back and eat while enjoying the nice sounds of the waves, or even get up and join the activity all around you. The boardwalk has many nice things to do, and the rides are there for almost everyone, of course you must be a certain height. The food and drinks are not expensive and nothing beats time with the family. Their boardwalk is like our Oklahoma State Fair times ten, considering all their rides, food stands, selling tents, and arcades. They have hotels right outside this area just for the convenience; therefore, you will spend many nights just gazing at the stars and listening to the soothing, relaxing waves. This is why the boardwalk is so adventurous and a must do deal there in Florida. So, as you can see, Florida has so much fun, action packed stuff in just these three things that I have listed. These are not the only three things in the state of Florida worth going. You will have a great time here, and this is where I would suggest a vacation because of the nice relaxing feel it has there. Sure there are other places that have these same things but not the perfect weather all year round. With all this being said, this is why I would convince you to visit Florida.

Trifles by Susan Glaspell Essay

Trifles by Susan Glaspell Essay The play Trifles emphasizes the culture-bound notions of gender and sex roles, specifically, that women were confined to the home and that their contributions went unnoticed and were underappreciated. This play is also about how we pursue the truth, interpret and explain it, and how we value it. As the title of the play suggests, the concerns of women are often considered to be mere trifles, unimportant issues that bear little or no importance, while the real work was carried out by the men. This play questions the value of men and womens perspectives by going through the crime scene, where a woman is being accused of killing her husband, where the different genders take on opposite views of trying to understand the accused widows motives. The play starts off with the neighbor, Mr. Hale, telling his account of what he knew about the murder of Mr. Wright. Mr. Hale went over to the Wrights house to try and convince his neighbor to install a telephone so that they all could receive the service. He knew that Mr. Wright would be a tough sale because Mr. Hale had previously approached him to set up one and Mr. Wright right out refused to buy one. So Mr. Hale decided that he would go to the house and try to sell Mr. Wright into going ahead and getting one by propositioning him in front of Mrs. Wright, hoping that in some way she would convince her husband to do it. But, when Mr. Hale got to the house and knocked on the door, no came. So Mr. Hale continued to knock and finally heard a voice inside that said to come in. When he walked in he saw a disheveled Mrs. Wright sitting in her rocking chair, unphased by the presence of her neighbor she sat there ignoring him until he asked to see Mr. Wright. She said you cant see him. Confused he asked if he was there and she said yes, and then said he was dead. He asked how and she said by a rope on his neck. Mr. Hale shocked by this asked where and she pointed upstairs, as if it was unimportant. When he hurried upstairs and discovered the body of Mr. Wright as Mrs. Wright described and called the authorities. When they show the men have their wives with them to look through the crime scene. The men and the women have two very different reasons for being there-the men, to fulfill their obligations as law professionals, the women, to prepare some personal effects to carry to the imprisoned Mrs. Wright. The man that talked to Mrs. Wright tells the sheriff she is only worried about her preservative jars being broken because of the cold weather. The county attorney goes over to a shelf in a kitchen and announces there is a mess where her fruit had frozen, breaking the jars well, can you beat the women! Held for murder and worryin about her preserves to which Hale replies, women are used to worrying over trifles Mrs. Wright was worried about her preservatives because she worked hard for them and that was something she really cared about that was about the only thing that her husband allowed her to do. Her husband already forced her to quit her passion of singing in the choir. The two women in the room move closer to one another as the county attorney goes around the kitchen, making comments that belittle the women in terms of how they are only concerned with tiny things that relate to their kitchen. The women do stand for her, not necessarily because they were good friends of Mrs. Wright but because they understand the nature of farm life. It becomes clear at this point that the women notice things that the men dont, for all their criticisms. They see that Mrs. Wright had bread set, for instance, an important detail that marks what she was doing before the event. They remember when she was Minnie Foster and see how sad her life was, presumably because her husband was an unpleasant man. The women wonder if she did it, but Mrs. Hale says no because she was worried about trifles (mocking what the men had said) such as her preserves and apron and they dont seem to think that the ordinary things she was doing beforehand show any signs of anger or sudden extreme emotion. The two women are also bothered by the fact that it seems the men are sneaking around her house while shes locked up in town and do not like the way they criticize her housekeeping skills, especially since she didnt have time to clean up. The women are standing over Mrs. Wrights pattern of a log cabin quilting project and wondering if she was going to knot or quilt it and the men laugh at this. However, what the men dont realize is this trifle that they are thinking about, the quilt, reveals a very important piece of evidence. Most of the quilt discussed is very neat and perfect but all of a sudden there is a piece that is all over the place proving that Mrs. Wright was not her usual careful self, which proves the point that she was in distress while she was quilting at that place in time. Mrs. Hale moves the stitching about to make it look better, she is more conservative and assured that the men have the best intentions. As she looks for a piece of string the two women encounter a birdcage that looked as if it had been forcibly opened due to the immense damage to it. The birdcage is an important find in the play because although the women remember someone selling canaries, they dont remember her having a bird or a cat that might have gotten to it but they do remember that in her younger days, as Minnie Foster, she used to sing like a pretty bird but stopped doing so when she married her husband. Before more about this is explored the women discuss how they should have come over to Mrs. Wrights house more often, how without children and with a husband who always worked and was bad company when he was at home, it must have been lonely for her. The women are getting ready to take the quilt with them and look for scissors and find a box. In it they find the bird with an obvious broken neck, like someone strangled it forcefully showing motive that since her husband killed her bird, about the only thing Mrs. Wright had left that she loved, she couldnt take the abuse anymore and just snapped killing her husband. The womens way of knowing leads them not simply to understanding; it also leads to the decision about how to act on that knowledge. At this point the County Attorney enters and asks (probably mocking them) if they thought Mrs. Wright planned on knotting or quilting it and they reply that she was going to knot it an obvious metaphor for the crime. In another metaphor, the Attorney asks about the bird, if a cat got it, which they reply was the case. The cat in this metaphor is Mr. Wright. Mrs. Peters tells a short beginning of a story about a boy who took a hatchet to her kitten which alludes to the fact that she would understand how Mrs. Wright would feel if Mr. Wright killed her bird. They could understand how still and lonely it would be without the sound of a bird for comfort which prompts Mrs. Hale to say something about her baby that died and how it was the same feeling. A result of understanding, the women are able to gain power the wives themselves having been devalued all their lives, for their low status allows them to keep quiet at the plays end. Because the men do not expect the women to make a contribution to the investigation, they are disinterested in the womens views or about their valuable findings, that solved the murder case, because they are seen unimportant they are able to hide the evidence of Mrs. Wrights motive. The wives see themselves as guilty of a crime since they never came to see Minnie and they take the box with the bird and put it in their purse. Then the men enter and say Mrs. Wright was, indeed, planning on knotting it knowing that she did kill her husband but they dont have the evidence to back it up. I believe that Mrs. Wright was pushed so far by her emotionally abusive husband that she couldnt take it anymore and had a nervous breakdown. Once she snapped, she killed her husband the way that he had been slowing killing her all those years through the marriage and also the way that he horribly killed her canary. Mrs. Wright has all the classic signs of having schizophrenia. She was detached from emotion, I believe she didnt realize what she was actually doing at the time, she gave one word answers, and showed signs of distress.

Pricing in a volatile market :: Economics

Pricing in a volatile market Questions : 1)What are the main causes of price volatility in a market? To what extent and how have this general causes applied in the pulp and paper market? First of all the fragmentation of the market causes prices to be volatile. Indeed a unique policy can not be set up and a sort of jungle's law is created. Each producer adapts its own prices as regard its operating costs, investments, volume of production. More over the working rules are different from one country to another and standards of living are world's apart so it can easily explain the gap between two prices. As no single producer has a large production compare to the others, it can not impose its prices to the market and that is why it is obliged to cope with. The volatility of the market is also created by the gap between a so to speak prosperity period during which the producers invest and the second period when capacity created is too much compare to the needs. The offer is bigger than the demand so prices fall. These general causes applied in the pulp and paper market because it corresponds to all that characteristics. Indeed it is a very fragmented industry. For example no single producer has more than 6 per cent share of the overall market and the 10 largest producers represent less than the half of the overall production. As we already said for a market generally speaking, in the pulp and paper market companies during a prosperity time invested in more capacity to take advantage of high prices but as two years are necessary to get a plant up and running, a down period appeared and demand has passed the peak and prices are lower. To cover their invest producer dump all their extra new capacity and it causes the prices to decline steeper. It is a vicious circle. An other element explains the price volatility in the pulp and paper market, it is the entry of lower-cost producers ( South American, Asian) compare to traditionally producers ( Scandinavian, European and North American). More over the Asian economic crisis played a role in price volatility. 2) What effect do you think consolidation in the industry will have on: - (A) the biggest producers The consolidation through takeovers and alliances for the biggest producers allows them to develop bigger global market share and by this way they may have a greater influence over market prices. They can be able to have a real power to decide prices. The joint ventures can also allow the producer to share their necessary investments or

A Proposal to End Alcoholism Essay -- Alcohol Addiction Alcoholism Ess

A Proposal to End Alcoholism   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In today's day and age, people are beginning to have more and more problems with things that barely even impacted on our world many years ago. Sometimes, however, people don?t even realize that they have a problem and are disturbing not only other people, but also themselves. Alcoholic beverages have slowly wedged themselves into today's society as something that is causing many people problems and drama in their lives. A problem like alcoholism is something that should, and can be, stopped and controlled. With today's modernization and rapid increase of knowledge of medicine and the human body, I have created an idea that could possibly stop the problem of drinking, and the addiction that it creates.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Alcohol is considered a drug for multiple reasons. People, when under the influence, can get either very angry, or are all-around happy people. However, it usually unfolds in the event that when they become happy drunks, they become very grumpy and mean people when they are sober, usually looking for getting more alcohol. Alcohol also ruins people?s bodies, especially their liver. It can impact their body so much that it sometimes brings them to death. People also make very un-educated decisions when they are drinking, and sometimes even when they are sober. When people are under the influence of alcohol, they make bad decisions like driving, even though they can?t see straight, becoming loud, and sometimes even too rowdy. However, ev...

Crash Essay

Description: The film Crash illustrates through various characters many themes that are sociologically relevant and have been intensely covered in course lectures and readings. With the extensive minority groups presented throughout the film; elements of prejudice, discrimination, deviance, patterns of accommodation, as well as strain theory are evident. The film offers an array of conflict in four characters especially that will be discussed here. â€Å"Anthony† and â€Å"Peter Waters† two African-American men, â€Å"Farhad† a Persian shop owner, and â€Å"Officer John Ryan† a white prejudiced policeman all display interesting characteristics of the theories mentioned above. Analysis: Anthony and Peter both commit criminal acts and fit well into the innovation as part of deviance model. They do not believe that they can conform and do not see other opportunities in the largely white areas in which they steal cars, admitting that they want to steal from whites, as they perceive whites to have privilege and hostility toward them. Peter is shot while Anthony attempts to redeem himself by helping another minority group, who he sees to be exploited due to their minority status. Officer Ryan is a prejudiced policeman, who feels the trickle down effect of strain theory. Due to the loss of his father’s job due to affirmative action policies and the subsequent issues with him receiving improper healthcare, this officer turns his frustration to blacks as a whole due to the strain of his father’s condition. Finally, Farhad exhibits the patterns of accommodation, as he attempts to assimilate to the United States, he distrusts others in the different minority groups and feels the shame of being called a terrorist. He retaliates by attempting to kill a Mexican-American, as his level of conflict with other groups is extremely high. Self-reflection: This film is very effective in showing how theories can be applied to actual events that occur in the lives of minorities and those with white privilege. The complex interactions between the different groups highlight much of what conflict theory proposes and elements of structural functionalism, as well. I would highly recommend this movie to any sociology student or others, who have an interest in how groups in society function and deal with one another on a daily basis.

A Certain Night Essay

Knowledge and Understanding 1. As it is quite obvious in the story, the narrator does not think that these men and women deserve to die. This is abundant when in the very last line of the story the narrator states, â€Å"when will it be light?† 2. Throughout the story, the narrator describes the communists as young, brave and handsome, although they are powerless martyrs. The narrator makes the nationalist seem â€Å"murderous looking,† and â€Å"cunning, malicious and smug.† The chief executioner has a â€Å"revolting moustache,† and an â€Å"evil voice†, as well as an â€Å"ugly and vicious face, which seemed to symbolize the cruelty of all the rulers to the oppressed.† This made it easy enough to distinguish between the communists and the nationalists. 3. The nationalists regard to the commended prisoners with no respect at all. It was because they didn’t care for them, because they were communists, and the nationalist police were just there to execute them. They were very rough towards them as they â€Å"pushed them clumsily and hard, hitting them with rifle butts and putting ropes round their chest to tie them†¦Ã¢â‚¬  As well, they would refer to them as â€Å"criminals†, as they would count them one by one making them seem no more important than counting the hairs on your chin. The nationalist’s regards towards these prisoners were cruel and very careless. 4. Near the beginning of the story, the young poet becomes overthrown by anger and pain that he actually passes out. Once he saw a familiar face, he began to calm down and gather a sense of encouragement. This familiar face started to make him feel more brave and resolute. Near the end, the mood is totally flipped around when they remembered their g overnment was being formed. Their attitudes were now positive as they died, proudly singing for their country. 5. Ting Ling wrote this store to raise awareness of the disapproving murders the nationalist party committed. I think she honored her husband with the passionate, loyal, hardworking poet. Maybe she wrote this story more for her self, as a forever memory of her husband. Not only of his death, but also by showing her passion for her beliefs. 6. A major theme in the story is to stand your ground, and fight for what you believe in. In other words, be willing to die for what you stand for, but proudly. Another theme is showing the absolute cruelty of humans. It is showing the brutal behaviors humans can portray on one another. Thinking and Inquiry 1. The tone of this story is dark and bitter. Ting Ling achieves this in the characters emotions throughout the story. This is also shown through imagery, through the gloomy vibe of the story. Ting Ling used figurative language and vivid descriptions to make the story come across as both bitter and dark. 2. The setting of the story contributes to the tone because it is set up during a dark, cold, windy, snowy night. The overall mood of the story was both gloomy and somber, which contributes to the tone I think Ting Ling was going for. Everything from the prisoners falling down in the snow, to the soldiers stomping throughout it, made the tone come alive through the text. 3. There are many different symbols throughout the story. For the chief executioner, he resembles both cruelty and oppression whereas the young poet symbolizes innocence and better reform. At the end when the prisoners are singing to their death, it shows a sense of resistance, which symbolizes the acceptance of their death. 4. The sound of trampling feet connotes punishment as a result of the communists standing up for their beliefs. It also shows desperation because the prisoners have basically hit rock bottom, and have nothing left to do. Ting Ling repeats this image to implement the despair in the prisoners, and to get the point across. 5. This story reflects a political bias because they make the communists seem innocent, as if they have done nothing wrong. Not saying they are innocent, but it is persuading the audience as if they are so. Yes, it is wrong for the nationalists to execute them, but you don’t hear the past story between the two groups. Therefore, it reflects a political bias by only showing the â€Å"innocence† of the communists.

Identify several reasons entrepreneurial organizations seek Essay

Identify several reasons entrepreneurial organizations seek opportunities for innovation - Essay Example izations seek an innovation opportunity is because since they are new and bringing a sense of change within them, finding new pathways is quintessential towards their basis. If they do not change, they might become stagnant within their tasks immediately and hence their work domains would suffer immensely. The need is to pinpoint where anomalies are and how best to get rid of them. The aspect of newness must not appear as a deterrent towards completing tasks in an able and effective way. This is the need of the hour as far as the entrepreneurial organizations are concerned and more so today. The second reason belongs to the employees since they are not well aware and require new avenues for help and assistance as far as their work manifestations is related. As they are a part of an entrepreneurial organization, they might not be at ease with a number of work tasks which other employees from varied organizations are already educated about (Prabhu, 1999). Hence innovation helps their cause to move ahead with full throttle and at breakneck speed. The employees must be trained and if this training does not come about under the aegis of the entrepreneurial organization, they could be sent off to other training institutes or organizations so that when they come back, they are well aware of how entrepreneurial organizations essentially work and what is expected of them in the long run. The third reason why entrepreneurial organizations require innovation is because they have to follow the footsteps of their competitors which could both be huge organizations as well as small companies. The need is sought to compare the domains of this entrepreneurial organization with these other business regimes to solicit success within their own realms. If the competitors are far ahead of these entrepreneurial organizations, then this means that the latter have to make amends, and for that they must go to any limit to make sure that their progress and development is manifested in a

The French Revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

The French Revolution - Essay Example Basttile was a prison created and maintained by French Monarchs in 1989. It was the symbol of Monarchs which people wanted to see get demolish (Carlyle 109). The falling of the Basttile remarkably stimulated the civilian activity. It increased the morals of the French people, the French public continuing the revolution with much greater impact and force. It was after the falling of the Basttile, the creation of Cahiers took place, which was a forum where a poor’s word was heard and got addressed (Clark 340). Cahiers was a forum, which divided the communication pattern in three Estates. The First Estate was the Estate of the clergy, which belonged to the religious community. The Second Estate was nobility, which was the elite and most privileged segment of the society at the time of revolution. The Third Estate was the middle class, which described the urban and the underprivileged segment of the society (McKay and Hill 590). The plenty of grievances came from the third Estate, which represented the poor of the society. As it was the word of the poor, so it was not much heard in the Elite segment of the society. The composed models came from Paris, which eventually not favored and got accepted in the third Estate. This brought the class discrimination giving the reason to the people to rise up as a revolution (Carlyle 130). Both the Napoleonic Code and the Declaration of the Rights of Man contained ideologies of the French revolutionists (McKay and Hill). It was the social security, security of people’s lives and property and assurance of basic civil rights of each citizen, which both declarations kept in their mention. Both codes had the same agenda and that is to reject the force of oppression at each societal level. The code and the declaration assured the principles of morality, the principles of equality and social justice (Clark). He was the great Haitian revolutionist Toussaint L’Overture who adhered to the principles of

The link between leadership style, communicator competence nd employee Essay

The link between leadership style, communicator competence nd employee satisfaction - Essay Example Thus for the need of a proper negotiation the communication competence of the supervisors is something that is readily required. Before focusing on the main part of the study there is the need for the discussion of certain key terms of communicator competence, leadership, and communication satisfaction along with job satisfaction. (Madlock, p 61) Communicator competence- The concept of communicator competence encompasses the elements of skills, knowledge, as well as behavior that are able in motivating individuals and prove its effectiveness. Maintenance of certain interpersonal norms along with conversational appropriateness forms the embedded part of competent interactions. (Madlock, p 62) Leadership- the quality of leadership has been best defined as the ability of an individual to influence and guide the team members in achieving the shared goals. (Madlock, p 64) Communication Satisfaction- the satisfaction that an individual employee gains from the daily conversations occurring in that particular organization along with its various aspects is what is referred to as the communication satisfaction of the employee.

Research Methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Research Methods - Essay Example Discriminant validity is the extent to which the new measure correlates poorly with measures of different, unrelated constructs. It involves conducting a correlational test between the scores of the new measure with the scores of a measure whose construct the test measure does not assess. The result should show little or no correlation. Construct validity is the extent to which a measure of a construct actually assesses what it is intended to assess. Constuct validity results when the measure possesses both convergent and discriminant validities. Test-retest reliability involves the administration of the test measure to numerous respondents comprising a large sample at two different instances. If the measure is reliable, then answers will be consistent for the two test times. The set of answers in both times could be tested by statistical correlation, and if the correlation coefficient is 0.80 or above, then the measure is deemed reliable. Internal consistency reliability is a method of testing whether all the items within a measure consistently measure the same thing. To determine internal consistency, a series correlation tests would be conducted among all the items in the measure with every other item. The average interitem correlation coefficient should be higher than 0.80 for internal consistency to be reliable. In order to improve upon reliability and validity, the correlational tests suggested in the foregoing may be conducted. The test scores should be obtained from a test sample from the intended population, but which will not form part of the actual research

The Clash of Civilizations Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Clash of Civilizations - Term Paper Example Huntington (1998, pp.19) has called this a rediscovery of â€Å"new but often old identities.† Huntington (1998, pp.21) has argued that world has become â€Å"multi-polar and multi-civilizational† which character has been replacing the bipolar world of the cold war period. He (Huntington, 1998, pp.21) has further stated that a new grouping of states has been emerging based on world’s major â€Å"seven or eight civilizations. These civilizations have been listed as the Western civilization, Latin America, former Soviet Union, Eastern world, Muslim countries, Sub-Saharan African nations, and also the lone countries (Huntington, 1998). It is also observed that â€Å"the balance of power among civilizations are shifting†, in favor of Non-Western countries as they are amassing more wealth, political strength and military base (Huntington, 1998, pp.21-23). Drawing attention to the â€Å"gap between Western principles and Western action,† Huntington (1998, pp.184, 21), opined that â€Å"west’s universalist pretentions† has escalated this conflict. He (Huntington, 1998, pp.103) has further suggested that in order to survive the conflicts, West should accept its identity as unique rather than universal and integrate what is called a western identity. Another assumption of this book is that the world is being split into two distinct and separate cultural entities, namely, â€Å"the peoples of Western Christianity, on the one hand, †¦(and)†¦ Muslim and Orthodox people, on the other†(Huntington, 1998, pp.28). Huntington (1998, pp.102) had believed that Aisan civilization and Isl amic civilization would be the two major forces that would put great challenges before the west against its present domination of the world. This analysis of world politics has also concluded that â€Å"Muslims have traditionally divided the world into Dar al-Islam and Dar al-Harb, the

International Relations Theory Book Review on The Pentagons New Map by Essay

International Relations Theory Book Review on The Pentagons New Map by Thomas P.M. Barnett - Essay Example Most significantly, the events of September 11, 2001 have prompted a reappraisal of the global threat dynamic that had existed prior to that date. Moreover, the continued destabilization of certain regions in the world such as Africa has given rise to a culture of war, and retribution in the region, a culture that is bread early in the hearts, minds and behaviors of its youngest members. Two works that address these concerns, Thomas Barnett's The Pentagon's New Map, and Ishmael Beah's A Long Way Gone, expose the dangers and the deleterious effects of disconnection, the former on a global level and the latter on a personal level. In reviewing these two works, this paper will highlight some of the responses and reactions to the phenomena of disconnection and alienation both strategically and in terms of a personal narrative. Barnett's hawkish approach to foreign policy is borne out of a growing concern that the fundamentally dynamic nature of globalization is splitting, swiftly and irrevocably, the world into two paradigmatically opposed groups. The first represents what he refers to as the "Core," or functioning core of globalization. This group includes North America, most of South America, Japan, Australia and Europe, India, and China (Barnett 174). Constituting approximately 4 billion people, this Core is marked by relatively stable governments, rising standards of living and more deaths due to suicide rather than murder. This core represents the communicatively networked, financially robust and mostly secure regions of the world. These regions lie in fundamental contradistinction to the "Non-Integrating Gap" or Gap. These Gap populations include, parts of southwest and southeast Asia, the Middle East, almost all of Africa, and the Balkans. These Gap populations are marked with politically repressiv e regimes, mass and socially omnipresent conflict, and widespread poverty and disease. Ishmael Beah is a former child-warrior from Sierra Leone, and discusses his mind-blowing experiences as a young solider for the RUF in his memoir. The work recounts the horrible atrocities that he both was witness to and perpetrated in his unfortunate position. The rest of his family, brutally murdered in a village raid his isolation and disconnection from family and friends, and his introduction to a dark world of murder, death, and drugs permanently ripped away from Beah any innocence that childhood offers. Recounting both the making and unmaking of a child-solider: from the consumption of a dangerously explosive drug cocktail of cocaine and gun-powder called "brown brown," to the mass indiscriminate killings of civilians and enemy combatants alike and finally to the rescuing by UNICEF field workers-Beah's calm delivery belies a devastatingly isolating and alienating experience in the forests of Sierra Leone. The primary thrust of Barnett's argument is that a reimagining of the World Map must be undertaken by the Pentagon and other security agencies, if the United States and by extension the rest of the Core is to remain secure. Prior to September 11, 2001 threat analysis models assumed that only countries of similar military and economic stability could represent legitimate threats to American sovereignty. Thus throughout the Cold War, we prepared

Smoking, Gender, Sick Role Essay Example for Free

Smoking, Gender, Sick Role Essay How do you think that smoking and gender is related? Why do you think that men/women smoke even though it is known as a deadly practice? Despite the overrun and almost cliched disclaimer from government reminding the general public that â€Å"cigarette smoking can be dangerous to your health,† a lot of people prefer to think and/or act otherwise. While smoking is considered generally bad or quite frankly, repulsive, and met with disgust by some, it is nonetheless acknowledged in society as something relatively acceptable or tolerated. Its social acceptability lies in different aspects or points of view. Most smokers believe, for instance, that breathing in nicotine and burnt paper helps in times of stress, and that cigarettes help them relax. People smoke to clear their heads and think. People smoke when they feel cold, or tired, or lonely, angry, or to socialize, and so on. Smoking, like drinking, has become an effective outlet by which people socialize and vent, and they do, despite the number of diseases that statistics promise every pack of cigarettes come pre-packaged with. More than being provoked by the said factors, the instance of cigarette smoking has come to relate and define ones gender and sexuality. Smoking is generally accepted among men as something which somehow affirms their masculinity. Cigarette smoking in women is seen as a sign or symbol of sophistication, despite what the opposite may connote. Adolescents for the most part, take a significant proclivity and liking to practices considered bad or unacceptable, and smoking is easily one of them. These concepts and images entrenched in society, as well as the previously enumerated factors relating to its validity or acceptability contributes to the instance that is cigarette smoking; the benefits of which appear to outweigh negative implications, of various illnesses and diseases which may or may not result from its practice. 2. What is sick role? Describe the sick role vis a vis birthing in Turkey. A concept brought about by Talcott Parsons in 1961, a sick role is a behavior that an individual is expected or not expected to perform within his/her obligations to society in the event of an illness or disease which incapacitates him/her from doing so. Parsons concept of the sick role affords a sick person the right to be exempted from normal roles prescribed in society, and the freedom not be held responsible for his or her condition. The sick persons only obligations on the other hand, are to condition themselves into recovering from the said sickness, and to find a competent doctor or physician which would attend to their particular sickness or illnesses. In Turkey, culture and tradition demands that a women who has just given birth is not allowed to leave her house in the extent of forty days from the time shes given birth. She is not to be left alone and is to be attended to within the forty days in which she is confined to her house. The said culture and tradition mirrors Parsons concept of sick role, and exempts a woman who has just gone through child birth the necessary and proper duties and obligations society warrants from her by confining her to the bounds of her own home, requiring that she rests, be nursed back to health, and nothing else. References Dichter Ernest. â€Å"Why Do We Smoke? † http://smokingsides. com/docs/whysmoke. html 10 January 2008. Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Culture and Tourism. â€Å"Culture and Beliefs. † http://www. kultur. gov. tr/ 10 Jan 2008. â€Å"The Sick Role. † http://www. diligio. com/sick_role. htm 10 January 2