Dermaplus Analysis Essay

Based on a rigorous analysis of the data provided, this report provides details with respect to the profit-maximizing average daily production capacity for DermaPlusTM for each possible reference-based price of $50, $100, and $150 per unit identified by the consultant. The estimated expected daily profit at each price will also be provided. All unit and price values have been rounded to the nearest whole number or dollar. Information in terms of the recommended average daily production capacity in units for the next 12 months will be provided in order to set the size of the plant’s unionized workforce. The assumption is the quantity of units identified used to set the size of the workforce will maximize daily profit. A summary and recommendations to management will follow the analysis. Profit-Maximizing Average Daily Production Capacity & Expected Profit Biomed operates in a perfectly competitive market and has no degree of price setting power. In this case of DermaPlusTM, the government sets the price of the product. In order to determine the profit maximizing output in the short-run for this market, each price level provided by the consultant must be equal to the short-run marginal cost. Total profit is calculated from subtracting the combined total fixed and variable costs from the total revenue generated. Total costs are derived from the fixed cost of $9,000 in addition to calculating the average variable cost formula provided by the regression analysis multiplied by the profit-maximizing average daily production capacity calculated at each price level. The regression analysis provided by Selwyn based on the data collected is statistically significant greater than a 99% confidence level based on the p-value with a high correlation between the dependent and independent variables at 95% Refer to Appendix I for the detailed calculations for profit-maximizing average daily production capacity and expected profit. Price Level = $50 per unit If the government sets the price of DermaPlusTM at this level, BioMed’s profit maximizing average daily production capacity is 342 units. At this level of output, total revenue generated is $17,100 per day. The total cost of producing this level of output based on total fixed and variable costs is $17,349. BioMed incurs a loss of $249 per day when the price is set at $50 per unit. If the price is set at $50 per unit by the government, BioMed should still continue to produce this product if production is set at 342 units. Based on the shutdown rule, BioMed can sell at a loss for the next twelve months as the selling price at $50 per unit is greater than the minimum average variable cost of $22.47. Price Level = $100 per unit The profit-maximizing average daily production capacity at $100 per unit is 407 units. At this level of production, total revenue generated per day is equal to $40,700 with a total cost of $22,125. This level of daily production will yield a profit of $18,575. Price Level = $150 per unit At $150 per unit, the profit-maximizing average daily production capacity is 456 units. Total revenue generated at this level is equal to $68,400 at a total cost of $28,210. A profit of $40,190 per day is achieved when pricing is set at this level. Recommended Average Daily Production Capacity – 12 Months Based on Price Uncertainty The recommended average daily production capacity will be calculated using the expected price based on the probability distribution calculated by the outcome of the weighted averages. According to the consultant, there is a 5% chance of price being set at $50, a 20% chance of the price being set at $100, and a 75% chance of the price being set at $150. As a result, the price expected (Pe) based on the information from the consultant is $135 per unit. At this expected price, the average daily production capacity should be set at 442 units generating at total revenue of $59,670 at a total cost of $26,219. At this level of production, profit should be maximized yielding a total profit of $33,451.

Fabric Assurance by Simple Testing（F.A.S.T） Essay

Introduction Objective measurement is a scientific way to get a good understand about some basic properties of fabric. In this lab, FAST system can provide the accurate measurement to show compression, extension, bending and stability of fabric. The aim of this test is to predict how a fabric will perform when made up into a garment. For fabric manufactures,finishers and garment manufacturers, they can use the results of this test as a basis to do fabric specification, product and process development, quality assurance and process control(Giorgio M. Pier, 1995). Experimental 2.1 Test Methodology The F.A.S.T system, which was developed by the Australian International Wool Bureau, consists of three simple instruments and a test method. The FAST-1 compression meter gives a accurate measurement of fabric thickness at various load, and then surface layer thickness can be easily calculated. With FAST-2, the fabric bending length can be measured according to British Standard (Standard No.BS3356-1961). In this test, bending length is converted into bending rigidity which plays an important role in fabric handle. FAST-3 is testing for fabric extensibility at various loads. According to the results of this part, the ability of a fabric to resist buckling can be revealed. 2.2 Details of Samples Examined There are 9 fabric samples (A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I) which are all made up by plain-woven. According to the different sizes and types, those nine samples were divided into three groups. Table I shows the difference among those fabrics. 2.3 Apparatus & Procedure In the test, 5 fabric samples (A,B,C,D,E) are pressed under two different loads of 2g/㎠¡ and 100 g/㎠¡ respectively. The fabric thickness is displayed with a micrometer resolution on the screen. then surface layer thickness can be calculated. First of all, put sample A on the reference surface of apparatus and give a load of 2g/㎠¡ on the fabric. After hearing the â€Å"beep† sound, write down the data showed on the screen. Then do the same oation with a load of 100g/㎠¡, write down the data of T100. Repeat the steps with sample B,C,D,E,F. The FAST-2 works on the cantilever principle,which involves pushing a fabric over a vertical edge until it has bent to specified angle of 41.5Ëš. 6 samples are test in this part (warp A,B,C and weft D,E,F) light cut off the road, extending the length of the specimen holder is bending length, which can calculate the bending stiffness. At first, put the sample A on the plane of measurement instrument, then place a pressing plate on it and ensure the front of sample exceeds 10mm than the plate. Secondly, push the plate and sample forward slowly after the screen shows start. Keeping pushing until the green light turn to red, then push it back to make the light turn green again. Write down the data on the screen. The other five fabric samples are also tested in this way. FAST-3 extension meter measures the fabric extensibility in warp, weft and bias directions under three fixed low loadings (5g/cm, 20 g/cm, 100 g/cm). Firstly, ensure the whole test is did at a stable place. Put all the weight on one side of plate and fix the sample on the apparatus. Then remove the  first weight (75g), and turn the knob clockwise slowly. After hearing â€Å"beep† sound, extension of E5 is displayed on the screen. Next, remove the second weight (400g), so that E20 can be measured. Finally, removing all weights, get the data of E100. Repeat these operations with all 9 samples respectively. Discussion of Results & Conclusions After sorting and analyzing the FAST data, ten of them can be shown on the siroFAST CONTROL CHART FOR TAILORABILITY to assess their properties (as shown on the next page). The fingerprint of E100-1,B2 and G are in the shaded zones which means some potential problems influenced by that property is indicated. The data of F-1 and F-2 which was calculated from FAST-2 shows the good formability of both warp yarn and weft yarn, so that they will not form puckered seams either during or after sewing. Comparing with E100-1 and  E100-2, it is easily to find that weft yarn of wood has a lower extensibility than warp yarn. It means warp sample can move around during cutting, but it also causes problem with sizing, pattern matching at the sewing stage, because E100-1 falls into the danger range. As it was said by Jedda, â€Å" The parameter of bending rigidity relates to the difficulty with which a fabric can be deformed by bending. Bending rigidity is particularly critical in tailoring lightweight fabrics.†( Jedda.H 2007) According to the chart, both of warp yarn and weft yarn have a low values of Bending Rigidity which indicates problems in cutting, handling and sewing. Shear rigidity which is calculated from the bias extensibility measured on FAST-3 can reveal the ability of a fabric to resist buckling. For the bias samples in this test, they will be easily distorted in laying-up, marking and cutting, because the data of G is under the standard.

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

IntroductionThroughout history, our conceptualization of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) has been changing alongside changes in the way we have viewed the world. With the dawning of the Renaissance in Western Europe, religious explanations based on demonic possession were superseded by a more humanistic understanding. By the early seventeenth century, the obsessions that drove Shakespeare's Lady Macbeth to suicide were recognized to be a product of her guilty mind, for which there was no medical cure.Obsessions and compulsions were first described in the medical literature of the early nineteenth century. They were viewed as an unusual expression of melancholia. By the beginning of the twentieth century, with the development of psychoanalysis, the focus shifted onto psychological explanations based on unconscious conflicts, but this did not provide a useful strategy for treatment. The subsequent application of learning theory to OCD led to the development of effective behavioural treatments in the 1960s and 1970s.Compared with the pace of these historical developments, modern understanding of OCD has expanded with dramatic speed. The development of effective medical treatments of OCD has revolutionized the outlook for sufferers and propelled OCD to the forefront of scientific attention. With the growth of research into the epidemiology, psychopharmacology, neurobiology, neuropsychology and genetics of OCD, reviewed throughout this publication, the emphasis has once again swung back toward a medical model. As we enter the twenty-first century, we now recognize OCD as a common, treatable form of major mental disorder.After the pioneering epidemiological catchment area (ECA) studies carried out by the National Institute of Mental Health in the early 1980s reported that the prevalence of OCD was substantially higher than expected, (Robins, Holzer, & Weissman, 1984) repeated population studies using similar methods have demonstrated a lifetime prevalence of 2-3% worldwide (Weissman, Bland & Canino, 1994).   Taiwan and India were the only exceptions, with rates below 1%. If these estimates are accurate, then OCD affects more than 50 million people in the world today. The prevalence does not appear to be influenced by socioeconomic status, educational achievement, or ethnicity. The disorder is more common than schizophrenia, and about half as common as depression. Yet the illness remains largely under-recognized, and the psychosocial and economic costs to society from untreated OCD are high (Hollander, & Wong, 1998).   It is not surprising that the World Health Organization has now recognized OCD as a public health priority.While there is little doubt that the ‘hidden epidemic' of OCD exists, the actual prevalence of clinically relevant disorder has been called into question. In the ECA studies lay interviewers were trained to make DSM-III diagnoses using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS). However, clinical reappraisal of DIS -positive cases resulted in less than 25% continuing to meet the criteria for OCD (Nelson & Rice, 1997).One explanation is that the rates of illness reported in the original ECA studies may have been exaggerated. Alternatively, the findings may reflect variability in the severity of the disorder over time.Obsessive compulsive disorder is more common in women, although the differences are not as obvious as in depression or other anxiety disorders. An average female to male ratio of 1.5:1.0 is accepted for the community at large, although the ratio appears roughly equal in the adolescent population, reflecting perhaps the earlier onset in boys. In particularly in males, having obsessions and compulsions or magical thinking, poor social adjustment, and an early chronic course, predicted a worse outcome.A more recent 5-year prospective follow-up study of 100 OCD patients showed that in spite of the introduction of modern treatments, outcomes were similar to Skoog and Skoog's cohort, wit h only 20% reaching full remission of their OCD, 50% showing partial remission, and the remainder unchanged or worse over 5 years. Less severe illness and being married were associated with a better outcome (Steketee Eisen & Dyck, 1999).Most patients suffer a mixture of different obsessions or compulsions. Surveys have consistently identified contamination fears as the most common obsession, with concern about harm to others, pathological doubt, somatic obsessions and the need for symmetry also occurring frequently. Half of all OCD patients admitted for treatment suffer compulsions in the realm of repetitive checking or excessive cleaning and washing. 20 Key themes have been identified that underlie most symptoms. These include abnormal risk assessment, pathological doubt and incompleteness.Patients with OCD usually retain full insight into the absurdity of their symptoms, although this is not always the case (Insel & Akiskal, 1986). The DSM-IV singles out patients with poor insight as a meaningful subgroup. These individuals have more complex symptomatology, which makes diagnosis more difficult, and tend to be more severely ill. They have only a limited sense of the excessiveness and irrationality of their thoughts and behaviours and are therefore difficult to engage in treatment. They may appear to be deluded (and hence receive inappropriate treatment) but longitudinal studies show they do not go on to develop schizophrenia-like illnesses. In a cohort of 475 patients with OCD, (6%) displayed lack of insight.Mild forms of obsessional behaviour, such as repetitive checking or superstitious behaviour commonly occur in everyday life. They only meet the criteria for OCD if they are time-consuming, or associated with impairment or distress.Recurrent, intrusive thoughts, impulses and images also occur in other mental disorders thought to share a relationship with OCD: for example, the preoccupation with bodily appearance, in body dysmorphic disorder; with a feared object, in specific phobia; with illness, in hypochondriasis; or with hair-pulling, in trichotillomania. A diagnosis of OCD should only be contrast; men predominate in surveys of OCD referrals, possibly reflecting a greater severity in males.Women during pregnancy and the puerperium are particularly at risk of developing the disorder. In a study by Neziroglu et al of 59 mothers with OCD, experienced their symptoms for the first time during pregnancy. In many cases, pre-existing obsessional tendencies are unmasked and exaggerated by the events surrounding childbirth.Obsessive compulsive disorder is considered to be one of the most strongly inherited mental disorders (Pauls, Alsobrook, & Goodman, 1995). Approximately one-fifth of nuclear family members of OCD sufferers show signs of OCD, and the younger the sufferer the more likely they are to have a first-degree relative affected. The clustering of OCD and Tourette's syndrome (TS) within families suggests a common inherited factor.Th e course of the illness can vary from a relatively benign form in which the patient experiences infrequent, discrete episodes of illness interspersed with symptom-free periods, to malignant OCD, characterized by unremitting symptoms and substantial social impairment.In a 40-year prospective follow-up study, reported by Skoog and Skoog, the authors managed to locate and examine 144 out of 251 OCD patients who had previously been admitted as inpatients under their care between 1947 and 1953. 1Given that effective treatments for OCD were not developed until the end of the study, much of the data is naturalistic. The authors found that roughly 60% showed signs of general improvement within 10 years of onset of illness, rising to 80% by the end of the study.However, only 20% achieved full remission even after nearly 50 years of illness; 60% continued to experience significant symptoms; 10% showed no improvement whatsoever; and another 10% had worsened. In 60% of cases the content of the obsessions shifted markedly over the follow-up period (Pauls, Alsobrook, & Goodman, 1995).One-fifth of those who had shown an early, sustained improvement subsequently relapsed, even after 20 years without symptoms, suggesting early recovery does not rule out the possibility of very late relapse. Intermittent, episodic disease was common during the early stage of illness, and predicted a more favourable outcome, whereas chronic illness predominated in the later years.Early age of onset, made if there are also unrelated obsessive-compulsive symptoms, in which case more than one diagnosis may be warranted. Activities such as preoccupation with eating, sex, shopping and gambling are not considered genuine compulsions because they are not egodystonic, and the individual usually only tries to resist because of the adverse consequences.Reference:Hollander E, Wong C, 1998). Psychosocial functions and economic costs of obsessive compulsive disorder, CNS Spectrums (3 (5) suppl. 1:48-58.Insel T, Akiskal H, 1986. Obsessive compulsive disorder with psychotic features: a phenomenological analysis, Am J Psychiatry 143:1527-33.Nelson E, Rice J, 1997. Stability of diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder in the Epidemiological Catchment Area Study. Am J Psychiatry 154:826-31.Pauls DL, Alsobrook JP, Goodman W et al, 1995). A family study of obsessive compulsive disorder, Am J Psychiatry 152 : 76-84.Robins LN, Holzer JE, Weissman MM et al, 1984 Lifetime prevalence of specific psychiatric disorders in three sites, Arch Gen Psychiatry (1984) 41 :949-58.Steketee G, Eisen J, Dyck I et al, (1999) Predictors of course in obsessive compulsive disorder, Psychiatr Res   89 (3):229-38.  Weissman MM, Bland RC, Canino GL et al, 1994. The cross national epidemiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder, J Clin Psychiatry 55 :5-10.

Rebuttal arguement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Rebuttal arguement - Essay Example Additionally, William proclaimed that conveying a tweet by itself is pure activism and ludicrous, though none was purporting the same, lacking considerable credibility, an article that he conferred to be plainly entertaining though not logical. In his disagreement, Gladwell cited the U.S.A. civil prerogatives association of the late 1950s and 60s as an instance of social transformation that was on the basis of close friendship, purporting that the feeble ties connecting persons together on the internet were not of equal implication (Gladwell). Moreover, fanatics for social media would with no qualm make people believe that King’s task in Alabama would have been rendered easier had he been apt to express communication with his supporters via Facebook, and challenged himself with tweets from a Birmingham detention centre (Ingram). However, networks are messy: for instance, the endless pattern of revision and scrutiny with utter rectification, alterations and deliberations as in the Wikipedia case. Moreover, if Martin Luther had prospected initiating a Wiki-embargo in Montgomery, he would probably been crushed by the white powers. Moreover, it is pertinent to enquire the potency of utilization of a digitalized communication in a given town where the majority of the blacks’ society could be reachable on every Sunday as a congregation. It is thus, succinct that King required tactic and overt discipline that online internet media dispensations could not offer. Additionally, Stone, a cofounder of Twitter proclaimed that the actual time exchange of intelligence, for instance in the case of Twitter, it would be ridiculous to purport that it is not correspondent to activism. Besides, when it results into it, it would not be technological advances that would be the actual change drive but the individuals who immensely contribute to its

AMERICAN THEATER HISTORY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

AMERICAN THEATER HISTORY - Essay Example This version was brought to audience not long after the novel first got published. It in particular became distinguished among other play versions because it was the first Broadway show which did not rely on other entertainments. In contrast, entire focus was laid on characters and their expressions to reach out to audiences. Aiken used this show to convince a large number of people to stand against the institution of slavery. Using slavery as one of the most important themes, he tried to illustrate to masses of public what a wretched social evil it actually happens to be. This 19th century stage production is the reason why â€Å"Uncle Tom’s Cabin† continues to be played in theaters in America even in the present times because the Aiken script is used to form the bedrock of all theatrical productions. In Scene III, Eliza’s unmitigated desperation is apparent when she explains to Tom and Chloe that her master has sold her only son. Here, another theme besides sla very is illustrated because this scene demonstrates that women had enough agencies to save the country from the social evil of slavery and stand against it instead of silently complying with their masters’ orders. The play is considered a textbook example of melodrama. One of the characteristics of melodrama is it contains two dimensional characters that essentially do not change or grow. Discuss 2 characters, one that seems to conform to this characteristic and one that does not. One of the chief characteristics of melodrama is that the characters are always two-dimensional who till the end of the story remain essentially the same as when presented in the beginning. Stowe’s novel is fraught with such two-dimensional characters. For example, Uncle Tom himself is a two-dimensional character like most other characters which are simple and not complex at all. These characters seem to fit into the two-dimensional formula because of their

Selecting a macroeconomic variable for a country and explaining its Essay

Selecting a macroeconomic variable for a country and explaining its determination using macroeconomics analysis - Essay Example The inflation rates of the country shall be studied over a period of 25 years ending in 2011 inclusive. The selection of the inflation rate of Canada comes in at a very ripe time and with so much significance and importance as global economic experts continue to blame inflation as a major dictate of the world economic climate (Botric and Cota, 2006.). It is therefore anticipated that this study would eventually end up as a guide for economic policy makers within the country to ascertain various ways in which inflation has affected Canada’s economy in times past and how it affects it today so that based on these, they can make prudent economic decisions for Canada in the future, using inflation rates. Dependent variable Inflation is a determining component for the relationship that exists between value and price (Grigorian et al, 2008). Generally, an economy that is growing so fast would see a situation whereby prices of goods are pushed to a protracted time ahead of the prevai ling utility value of goods and services. The rate of which such pushes take place may be defined as inflation (Fischer et al, 1998). Because inflation is likely to distort prices and undermine the market exchange by it creates an unclear relationship between value and price, economists have usually tagged raw inflation as a bad phenomenon. Countries with relatively lower inflations are thus said to be doing economically well than those with higher inflation rates. It is in light of this that most countries have worked towards achieving low inflation rates as against higher inflation rates. The case of Canada’s inflation from 1987 to 2011 is presented in the graphs and charts below. Source: Trading Economics (2013) The scattered graph above gives the trends of inflation rates for Canada in a 25 year period from 1986 to 2011. A tabulated analysis presenting the specific inflation rates on a monthly basis from 1990 to 2006 is also presented below for vivid depiction of the spec ific numbers. Year jan feb mar apr may jun jul aug sep oct nov dec ann 2011 2.3% 2.2% 3.3% 3.3% 3.7% 3.1% 2.7% 3.1% 3.2% 2.9% 2.9% 2.3% 2.9% 2010 1.9% 1.6% 1.4% 1.8% 1.4% 1% 1.8% 1.7% 1.9% 2.4% 2% 2.4% 1.8% 2009 1.1% 1.4% 1.2% 0.4% 0.1% -0.3% -0.9% -0.8% -0.9% 0.1% 1% 1.3% 0.3% 2008 2.2% 1.8% 1.4% 1.7% 2.2% 3.1% 3.4% 3.5% 3.4% 2.6% 2% 1.2% 2.4% 2007 1.1% 2% 2.3% 2.2% 2.2% 2.2% 2.2% 1.7% 2.5% 2.4% 2.5% 2.4% 2.1% 2006 2.8% 2.2% 2.2% 2.4% 2.8% 2.4% 2.3% 2.1% 0.7% 1% 1.4% 1.7% 2% 2005 1.9% 2.1% 2.3% 2.4% 1.6% 1.7% 2% 2.6% 3.2% 2.6% 2% 2.1% 2.2% 2004 1.3% 0.7% 0.8% 1.7% 2.4% 2.5% 2.3% 1.8% 1.8% 2.3% 2.4% 2.1% 1.9% 2003 4.5% 4.7% 4.2% 2.9% 2.8% 2.6% 2.1% 2% 2.2% 1.6% 1.6% 2.1% 2.8% 2002 1.3% 1.4% 1.9% 1.7% 1.1% 1.2% 2.1% 2.5% 2.3% 3.2% 4.4% 3.8% 2.3% 2001 3% 2.9% 2.4% 3.5% 3.9% 3.4% 2.7% 2.8% 2.6% 1.9% 0.6% 0.7% 2.5% 2000 2.2% 2.7% 3% 2.2% 2.4% 2.8% 2.9% 2.6% 2.7% 2.8% 3.2% 3.2% 2.7% 1999 0.7% 0.7% 1% 1.6% 1.5% 1.6% 1.9% 2.1% 2.6% 2.3% 2.2% 2.6% 1.7% 1998 1.1% 1% 1% 0.9% 1.1% 1% 1% 0.9% 0 .7% 1.1% 1.2% 1% 1% 1997 2.2% 2.3% 1.9% 1.7% 1.5% 1.7% 1.7% 1.8% 1.7% 1.5% 0.9% 0.8% 1.6% 1996 1.6% 1.3% 1.5% 1.4% 1.5% 1.5% 1.3% 1.5% 1.5% 1.8% 1.9% 2.2% 1.6% 1995 0.6% 1.9% 2.1% 2.5% 2.9% 2.7% 2.6% 2.2% 2.2% 2.3% 2.1% 1.7% 2.1% 1994 1.3% 0.1% 0.2% 0.2% -0.2% 0% 0.1% 0.1% 0.2% -0.2% -0.1% 0.2% 0.2% 1993 2% 2.4% 1.9% 1.8% 1.9% 1.7% 1.7% 1.8% 1.8% 1.9% 1.9% 1.7% 1.9% 1992 1.6% 1.6% 1.6% 1.7% 1.3% 1.1% 1.2% 1.1% 1.3% 1.6%

Dollar Tree Case Vs. Gerber Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Dollar Tree Case Vs. Gerber Case - Essay Example The Gerber study clearly sets out at the outset the triggering factor that has propelled the Company to consider its options in poor countries. This triggering incident is the negative impression it has gained by refusing to comply with Venezuelan laws on the marketing of baby foods. The motivation of the Company in targeting bottom-of-the-pyramid customers in Chad is to successfully market its products in a difficult country and thereby prove its mettle and negate the unfavorable impression that currently exists. The motivation for Dollar Tree’s strategy to market its products in Haiti is not established at the outset, neither is it clearly set out during the course of the narrative. A triggering event is not clearly set out, although there is mention in the study of political instability in the country coupled with the spiraling prices that also provide scope for marketing of low cost products to customers in Haiti. The structure of the study could have been improved by pointing to a clear triggering event, for example the recent global recession, which has been pushing prices upwards. This could have been supplemented with the figures on recent sales. For example, Dollar Tree’s third quarter sales have increased by 11.6% from $997.8 in the last year’s fiscal third quarter to $1.11 billion this year. (www.dollartree.com). By focusing upon these acts and figures and illustrating them graphically, an analysis should have then been provided as to potential reasons to explain such a jump in sales during a time where a recession may well be developing in the United States. It appears very likely that the jump in sales is the shift in consumer buying from higher priced outlets to Dollar Tree’s products, all of which sell at a dollar each. This is the unique selling point of Dollar Tree, which should have been capitalized upon in the study, to

Human Anatomy Structural Levels of Organization Essay

Human Anatomy Structural Levels of Organization - Essay Example These cells appear single in simpler creatures and appear grouped in multi-cellular organisms. A group of cells constitute the tissue levels which are composed of similar cells that perform a common function. In the human body there are four basic tissues types: epithelium, muscle, connective and nervous tissue and each type perform a common function. These tissue types within the body in turn combine to form the organ level. An organ can be composed of two to four tissue types performing a specific function. The combination of tissue types allow for complex functions to be performed within the organs. Each organ such as the stomach, liver, heart and blood vessel, within the body perform a specific function which contributes to the working of the human body. In the next organ system level, certain organs work together to perform a function such as the heart and the blood vessels of the cardiovascular system as both blood circulation and pumping of the heart is required for the proper functioning of the system. The final level of organization within the human body is the organismal level which includes all the above structural components that work together to promote optimum functioning of the human body. Reference Marieb, Elaine. N. Human Anatomy & Physiology. India: Pearson Education, 1989. Google books. Web. 1 March 2011.

Alice Walker and her Life Annotated Bibliography

Alice Walker and her Life - Annotated Bibliography Example The writers life is heralded through a narration of her childhood days and how she grew up. Through this effort, Lazo identifies the links between her parents and family and the old traces of segregation and oppression of Black people which shaped the mindset and personality of Alice Walker. This is narrated skillfully in the first three chapters of the book which are on her early years. Lazo then goes on to describe how her injuries and difficulties as a child shaped her adult life in the era of the civil rights movements and other discourses which gave her the impetus to write and publish her books. This work provides a very authoritative discussion about how Alice Walker was shaped and how she evolved to become who she is now. This will be an important element in the research because it will provide a reference point for the assessment of Alice Walkers personality. The book also discusses some of the social activities that Alice Walker is connected with at the moment. Professor Bloom is a world acclaimed lecturer at Yale. He is a top professor in the Humanities. He has won a lot of prizes for his ability to critique literary works and provide the literary elements of such projects. Her book on Alice Walker provides a complete guide to Alice Walkers literary style. Bloom gives a critical analysis of her major works and identifies the main elements of literature in each of the books. This is done through a series of critical essays that provide in-depth evaluations of each and every important tool that Alice Walker used to convey her plot and characters. This is vital for the research because it provides a convenient point through which references can be made about the literary elements of Alice Walkers works. Also, since it is a compilation of various critiques, it provides a summary of the plot of Alice Walkers major projects. This will give an insight into projects that cannot be read in-depth for some critical

Seeds in Hard Ground Essay Example for Free

Seeds in Hard Ground Essay Ruth Rosenberg’s article, â€Å"Seeds in Hard Ground: Black Girlhood in The Bluest Eye,† offers a paradigm with which to view the growing-up process portrayed by Toni Morrison in her novel, The Bluest Eye. According to Rosenberg, Morrison’s novel is a landmark in literature because she has succeeded in portraying young, black American girls on their road to womanhood. Before her, no documented case in literature has been recorded that featured these girls in the center stage. Always, Rosenberg quotes Morrison, these girls were the props, set as part of the background, the moving scenery (436). More interestingly, however, it is Rosenberg’s treatment and reading of â€Å"colorism† in the novel that calls for attention (439). Colorism is akin to racism, where division and segregation is based on the color of one’s skin. Color, in fact, plays a crucial and central role in the novel, stealthily moving beyond the question of one’s skin. The most important transition of colorism is in Pecola’s wish to have blue eyes. She absurdly believes that possessing such would render her lovable, thereby eliminating pain from her world: If those eyes of hers were different, that is to say, beautiful, she herself would be different†¦Maybe they’d say, â€Å"Why look at pretty-eyed Pecola. We mustn’t do bad things in front of those pretty eyes. † †¦ Each night, without fail, she prayed for blue eyes. Fervently, for a year she had prayed. Although somewhat discouraged, she was not without hope. (Morrison 40) The longing for blue eyes were eventually destructive for Pecola as her desire for possessing the bluest eyes symbolize her own blindness – and it is this blindness, rather than her skin color, that eventually brings about her insanity and downfall. Pecola’s case is not isolated. The characters that people the novel, themselves perpetrators and victims of colorism, also exhibit their own â€Å"blindness. † Eyes, looking, and gazing all become important symbols in the novel. Despite being able to see, the characters are oftentimes blinded by colorism. As such, the novel underscores a very important theme: the great divide between superficial looking and deeper seeing. For Morrison, the more important way of seeing is painfully missing in the novel, leading to drastic and disastrous consequences. Inside Pecola’s shoe she hides her treasure: three pennies to get her nine Mary Janes. Inside the store, she encounters Mr. Yacobowski, who â€Å"urges his eyes out of his thoughts to encounter her (Morrison 41). † He has blue eyes that are blear-dropped, which he focuses on Pecola as he â€Å"looms up over the counter (Morrison 41). † But Somewhere between retina and object, between vision and view, his eyes draw back, hesitate, and hover. At some fixed point in time and space he senses that he need not waste the effort of a glance. He does not see her, because for him there is nothing to see. How can a fifty-two-year-old white immigrant†¦see a little black girl? (Morrison 42) Pecola immediately recognizes the storekeeper’s stare as â€Å"the total absence of human recognition the glazed separateness. this vacuum is not new to her. She has seen it lurking in the eyes of all white people†¦ (Morrison 42). With the stare Pecola is shamed and angered. Yet, it is not only Pecola’s desire for blue eyes or the white people’s vacant stares that stand for the blindness plaguing the characters caught in the grips of colorism. Consider the case of Maureen Peal, â€Å"the high yellow dream child with long brown hair braided into two lynch ropes that hung down her back (Morrison 52). † Such a description juxtaposes the vicious power that comes with her pretty face. Claudia is at the receiving end, as Maureen often gazes at her with â€Å"unearned haughtiness in her eyes (Morrison 54). † In knowing that she is prettier because she is whiter than the rest, Maureen condescends to them, seeing only their darker skin and eliminating them immediately as people lower than her. In the end, it is only Soaphead Church who listens with sympathy to Pecola’s pleas. He is the only one who sees through the curse of blindness by realizing that Pecola’s wish was â€Å"the most poignant and the one [wish] most deserving of fulfillment. A little black girl who wanted to rise up out of pit of her blackness and see the world with blue eyes (137). † But the price for this was heavy – for only she could see her eyes. Her frustration and disillusion sends her into a downward spiral, from which her friends cannot pull her out of. At the cost of her life, she gained the eyes she wanted. Works Cited Rosenberg, Ruth. â€Å"Seeds in Hard Ground: Black Girlhood in The Bluest Eye. † Black American Literature Forum 21. 4 (1987). 435-445. Morrison, Toni. The Bluest Eye. New York: Washington Square Press, 1970.

Marketing Promotes Product Awareness To The Public Marketing Essay

Marketing Promotes Product Awareness To The Public Marketing Essay Managers face an endless challenge to create unique strategies that will enable them provide positional advantage in an effort to achieve superior financial or customer performance. A companys pecuniary success largely depends upon prudent marketing efforts along with financial, operational, accounting and other business functions. Piercy (1992) identi ¬Ã‚ es marketing as focusing on strategies concerning the critical decision of market de ¬Ã‚ nition and market segmentation as well as the identi ¬Ã‚ cation of potential bases for differentiation. Sometimes, people ask why marketing is important in the financial success of a company. The answer to this question is, assume you have a product to offer with excellent features, best quality and amazing packaging but no one knows about your product? There will be no demand in the market for your it, the company will make no sale and eventually no profit. Here comes the importance of marketing. The most important function of marketing, along with others, is to create awareness about products/services and make loyal customers. Through marketing customers get an opportunity to know what you are offering them and you get the opportunity to convince them to buy your products/services. The overall marketing umbrella covers advertising, public relations, promotions and sales. Marketing is a process by which a product or service is introduced and promoted to potential customers. Without marketing, your business may offer the best products or services in your industry, but none of your potential customers would know about it. Without marketing, sales may crash and companies may have to close. Production and distribution depend largely on marketing. Many people think that sales and marketing are basically the same. These two concepts are different in many aspects. Marketing covers advertising, promotions, public relations, and sales. It is the process of introducing and promoting the product or service into the market and encourages sales from the buying public. Sales refer to the act of buying or the actual transaction of customers purchasing the product or service. Some important reasons why marketing is important include: Getting the Word Out For a business to succeed, the product or service it provides must be known to potential buyers. Unless your business is known in the community and communication with your customers is readily available, you have to use marketing strategies to create product or service awareness. Without marketing, your potential customers may never be aware of your business offerings and your business may not be given the opportunity to progress and succeed. Using marketing to promote your product, service and company provides your business with a chance of being discovered by prospective customers. Higher Sales Once your product, service or company gets on the radar screen of your prospects, it increases your chances that consumers will make a purchase. As awareness becomes a reality, it is also the point where new customers start to spread the word, telling friends and family about this amazing new product they discovered. Your sales will steadily increase as the word spreads. Without employing marketing strategies, these sales may not have ever happened; without sales, a company cannot succeed. Company Reputation The success of a company often rests on a solid reputation. Marketing builds brand name recognition or product recall with a company. When a company reaches the high expectations of the public, its reputation stands on firmer ground. As your reputation grows, the business expands and sales increase. The reputation of your company is built through active participation in community programs, effective communication (externally and internally) and quality products or services, which are created or supported by marketing efforts. Healthy Competition Marketing also fosters an environment in the marketplace for healthy competition. Marketing efforts increases awareness and gets the word out on pricing of products and services, which not only reaches the intended consumers, but also reaches other companies competing for the consumers business. As opposed to companies that have a monopoly on products and services that can charge almost any price, marketing helps keep pricing competitive for a business to try to win over consumers before its competition does. Without competition, well known companies would continue to sell while lesser known companies or new companies would stand little chance of ever becoming successful. Marketing facilitates the healthy competition that allows small businesses and new businesses to be successful, enter and grow in the marketplace. As there is high competition in the market and you are not the only one to offer that product, certain issues need to be considered, issues like; how is this product diff erent from that of competitors? What do I have better to offer than my competitor? And why should a customer buy my product rather than my competitors? All this is achieved through intelligent marketing campaign and is self-evident of the significance of marketing. It enables an organization to capture maximum market share, make a big brand name, make loyal customers and retain them. Marketing Promotes Product Awareness to the Public It has already been mentioned in the previous paragraph that getting the product or service recognized by the market is the primary goal of marketing. No business possibly ever thought of just letting the people find out about the business themselves, unless you have already established a reputation in the industry. But if you are a start-out or an average company, the only means to be made known is to advertise and promote. Your business may be spending quite a lot on advertising and promotional  programs but the important thing at the end of the day is that product and company information is disseminated to the buying public, they get interested and purchase it and as a result increasing sales and revenue for the company. Various types of marketing approaches can be utilized by an organization. All forms of marketing promotes product awareness to the market at large. Offline and online marketing make it possible for the people to be educated with the various products and services that they can take advantage of. A company must invest in marketing so as not to miss the opportunity of being discovered by potential consumers. If expense is to be considered, there are cost-effective marketing techniques a company can embark on such as pay-per-click ads and blogging. Marketing Helps Boost Product Sales Apart from public awareness about a companys products and services, marketing helps boost sales and revenue growth. Whatever your business is selling, it will generate sales once the public learns about your product through TV advertisements, radio commercials, newspaper ads, online ads, and other forms of marketing. The more people hear and see more of your product, the more likely it would be for them to want to try it. Its this basic principle that makes firms spend millions on marketing activities. If your company aims to increase the sales percentage and double the production, the marketing department must be able to come up with effective and strategic marketing plans. Marketing Builds Company Reputation In order to conquer the general market, marketers aim to create a brand name recognition or product recall. This is a technique for the consumers to easily associate the brand name with the images, logo, or caption that they hear and see in the advertisements. For example, McDonalds is known for its arch design which attracts people and identifies the image as McDonalds. For some companies, building a reputation to the public may take time but there are those who easily attract the people. With an established name in the industry, a business continues to grow and expand because more and more customers will purchase the products or take advantage of the services from a reputable company. Advertising Marketing plays a very essential role in the success of a company. It educates people on the latest market trends, helps boost a companys sales and profit, and develops company reputation. But marketers must be creative and wise enough to promote their products with the proper marketing tactics. Although marketing is important, if it is not conducted and researched well, the company might just be wasting on expenses and time on a failed marketing approach. Hobb (2012) stated that; for entrepreneurs who aim to bring new and innovative products to market, the acquisition of customer and competitor information is an early activity that could bring about future opportunities. Hence, it could lead to a more effective organization of the founding process and, therefore to a higher probability of success. Therefore, through marketing, a can manager discover new opportunities for business expansion and growth. The successful execution of such new opportunities brought to light through marketing depends essentially on the acquisition of information. Collecting information from customers and/or about potential competitors is necessary to derive practicable contingencies or strategic planning and to revise and adapt marketing plans. Hobb (journal of strategic marketing ) quoting Gruber (2007) further points out the value of marketing planning for new venture development and highlights the role of information sources in developing marketing plans. As a result of information from customers, managers are able to revise previous plans and create a yardstick for new projects. Accurate information is neededto tailor the marketing mix to other potential customers. When information is collected through marketing, managers and executives are more able to fully realize the potential of the corresponding marketing activities. Acquiring customer and competitor information could in ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡uence a new business adaptability and subsequently give more room to maneuver and adjust to the particular market environment. One aspect of marketing that is indispensable in any firm and can assist managers with tools on how to better position their brand, out do competitors, improve productivity and increase profits / sales is market orientation. Kohli and Jaworski (1990) defined market orientation as  the organization-wide generation of market intelligence, dissemination of the intelligence across departments and organization-wide responsiveness to it   Wikipedia explained further by stating that, the marketing concept is a business philosophy, whereas the term market orientation refers to the actual implementation of the marketing concept. They added that a market orientation appears to provide a unifying focus for the efforts and projects of individuals and departments within the organization. Furthermore, Cass, Vada, Ngo and Sharvti (jounal of strategic marketing) said Market orientation has the ability to enhance a  ¬Ã‚ rms success. They further quoted Slater and Narver (1998) saying that at its core, market orientation places signi ¬Ã‚ cant emphasis on the pro ¬Ã‚ table creation and maintenance of superior customer value, and those supporting its impact endorse it as the conduit for staying close to customers as well as for its ability to enhance  ¬Ã‚ rm performance. Market orientation is a culture rather than an individual process. Its the norms, mindsets, values and behaviours of employers; alongside the structure, systems and control of the organization. Marketing oriented businesses define their activities as service activities carried out towards the satisfaction of their customers. In other words they define their operation as a service business with customer service being the most important activity. They are driven by customer needs which are identified in their objectives. For instance, a car company might say well make your car in whatever colour you choose. A marketing orientated approach means a business reacts to what customers want. The decisions taken are based around information about customers needs and wants, rather than what the business thinks is right for the customer. Most successful businesses take a market-orientated approach. Most markets are moving towards a more market-orientated approach because customers have become more knowledgeable and require more variety and better quality. To compete, businesses need to be more sensitive to their customers needs; otherwise they will lose sales to competitors. When to use it?  Use market orientations when you want to understand, anticipate and satisfy your customer needs. You may already be operating somewhere in-between orientations. Companies can be anywhere on the spectrum as well as having different products at different orientations.   What does it achieve? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ A sense of what customers want à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Links customers needs to company capabilities à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Builds relationships à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Creates vision à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Greater internal marketing and communications à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Tracking and information systems for further research and evaluation   OCass, Ngo, and Siahtiri (2012) designed an empirical study to collect data from manufacturing  ¬Ã‚ rms in Australia to show that market orientation improves productivity and market capability. According to them, Australia has been ranked 20th overall in the worlds most competitive economies according to the Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012 (Sala-i-Martin, 2011). In2011 Australia recorded a GDP of US$925 billion and GDP per capita of US$66.984.SMEs contribute signi ¬Ã‚ cantly to economic growth, national development, innovation and employment in Australia (ONAO Audit Report, 2011). There are around 175,000 SMEs inAustralia, which operate in a broad range of industries, including the construction,  ¬Ã‚ nance, insurance, wholesale and retail trade industries, and employ 28% of Australias workforce. In the course the study, 300 responses from 500 Australian  ¬Ã‚ rms, which constituted a 60% response rate in Australia were received. All participants who reported their positions indicated that they held the most senior marketing positions within their respective  ¬Ã‚ rms. In the survey, 85% of the respondents agreed that general information about market participants (customers, competitors and suppliers) is of paramount importance to them. Since market orientation gets this job done, this proves its importance to an organization. Considerations With so many messages bombarding the consumer in the marketplace today, it is now more difficult than ever to get your product noticed, so marketers have learned to be creative. Knowing what your clients expectations are, exceeding them, and building a reputation based on that is the key to success. Pay attention to your customers, and they will come back time and time again. Ignore them, and they will disappear faster than you can spend your marketing budget to try to bring them back. There is the belief that the marketing staff is a burden on the company and they do not justify the money spent on them. However, the fact is that sincere marketing efforts never goes to waste. When you invest in good marketing related activities, you are sure to reap benefits. Well run marketing campaigns can help you earn good profits. Some people have misconceptions about the term marketing, they feel that it is an easy task and anyone can do it. They couldnt be more wrong. As a manager, you have to get rid of this view point and employ professional marketers who will device your marketing strategy and help you execute it as well. Although marketing is really important for the success of a business, the reality is that it can also be very expensive. A marketing budget can reach as much as 30 percent (sometimes more) of the annual sales. As a result of the huge expenditure marketing/marketing programs incur, it is paramount that it is done right. The tools and campaigns used to improve the success of a brand or re-position it must be researched into deeply, tried and tested to ensure that they would get the job done. A marketing program that gives a company the best chance in a market environment that is as competitive as it is today is a healthy mix of different forms of marketing, such as website development, public relations, print and broadcast advertising, design and printing for all print materials, trade shows and other special events. PART 2: THE PERSUASIVE PAPER Brief: The manager of Pico fruit juice (hypothetical name) company has decided to rebrand the drink (Pico juice) by changing the packaging because he feels the old packaging is not flashy or attractive enough. He believes it is a little bland. However, the product seems to be doing very well in the market and has achieved a lot of recognition. I think re-packaging the brand might spell disaster and it is therefore my job as a marketing consultant to warn him against it. Muzellec and Lambkin (2006) defined rebranding as a change in an organizations self-identity and/or an attempt to change perceptions of the image among external stakeholders. Rebrand is a company image revision and it can assist a company in updating its message, appealing to new audiences or even signaling a complete change in direction. The reasons behind identity change are usually bad press, new target market, new product, merger, or aspiration to gain a competitive edge. However, these reasons do not apply to Pico fruit juice, When considering rebranding, we should ask ourselves the crucial question- why? If we are not changing what the company stands for, if our customers like what we stand for now, and if they associate our current packaging with what the company stands for, then why should we rebrand? Why waste the time, money and the priceless brand equity we have tried to build up? We would be much better served creating some really effective marketing campaigns to increase the strength of our brand and increase its consumer base. According to consumer surveys done, our customers already like our product the way it is, therefore rebranding can change their preconceived perception of the product thereby making them lose interest. Rebranding could cause confusion among current customers, potential customers and other key players in the industry. This could lead to a loss in client base. They (consumers) could also see it as being inconsistent and an inconsistent brand is an untrustworthy brand. Our packaging, colours,  company name, and everything else that represents us should not be changed without an extremely good reason. Product rebrands are perceived to be a good way of invigorating a brand, but they sometimes end in failure. According to Datamonitor (2009), in the past three decades, there have been many examples of brands attempting to rebrand themselves, either through a new logo, labeling/packaging, formulation or other means of re-identification. While some have been successful and others less so, the companies behind these brands all have one aim: to re-ignite a passion in consumers for a brand which has lost some of its magic. Examples of companies/brands that tried to rebrand include: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ A recent rebranding effort that caused controversy was Krafts Australian savory spread brand Vegemite, which undertook a brand extension in 2009. The original name of the extension, Vegemite iSnack 2.0, was designed to appeal to younger consumers but caused widespread derision, so much so that it was almost immediately withdrawn and renamed Cheesybite instead. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Tropicana packaging was completely overhauled in 2009 and the picture of an orange with a straw in it, which had featured on its label for decades, was removed and replaced with a picture of a glass of orange. After consumers derided the new packaging for looking too generic, the old style was brought back. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Cadbury introduced Dairy Milk as a megabrand across many of its chocolate bars in 2003 as a way of implementing unity and brand strength. However, it has gradually lost its potency over the past two years. In 2007, Cadbury reintroduced the Wispa brand to market after it had been dropped in 2003 in favor of Dairy Milk Bubbly, while the packaging of Cadburys Dairy Milk Caramel, known as Cadbury Caramel before 2003, has changed so that it resembles more its old style of imagery. The decision to rebrand is very serious and it is much more than just a change of package or name. Although rebranding sometimes seems as a reasonable step it should not be taken without due consideration. Changing a product name or package is seemed sometimes as an easy task, but to make it work to the business advantage is a difficult one. A decision to rebrand a product is wrong if done just for the sake of doing it or because competitors did so. Rebranding should always have a clear purpose and should not be taken lightly, as it is a massive overhaul of brand images and identity. No rebrand is possible without adequate research, repositioning the image without studying consumer demographics and psychographics is dangerous and I dont believe all these have been done yet, therefore, there is no reason to rush into a decision to change the package of Pico fruit drink. It should be noted that change for the sake of change is risky, especially if the results of the transformation are uncertain as in this case. Therefore we should be trying to consider long-term strategies and aims, and then updating brand identity to fit the changing goals if and if only it is absolutely necessary. A change of identity which includes package should always be considered and well-planned. And it is also important to think about the end result of the change, including negative elements. Rapid and extensive changes are harmful in most of circumstances. Therefore the most effective and safe strategy is to evolve slowly by updating the current image to modernize an existing, well-trusted brand, in order to keep the established customer base A change in name will not turn a company around, neither will it revitalize a dying product and as much as a rebranding can seem exciting at the time, there is a real risk that it is a waste of money and time. A brand is the sum total of an organizations reputation. When building your brand, the look of the product (package) does matter. It is most times what captivates a costumer and makes him or her reach for your product on the shelf. Once they become used to the look of a particular product or brand, changing it can confuse or even make them lose interest thereby spelling disaster for the product. However, you should rebrand if: Your target customer has changed. Your product has changed. Your competition has changed. Or if you cannot answer these questions: Do people no longer understand what you can offer Do people understand what makes you different? What is your client engagement? Do they spread your message and continue coming back for more? Do people trust what you say, your products and your services? Is there constant decrease in sales Can your employees/clients articulate what your brand stands for Are you are embarrassed to give away your business card  either due to unattractiveness or to the fact that its rather plain compared to that of competitors? Are all your communications are not consistent and in sync with the brand message and brand voice? If we have doubts about the answers to the above questions, then we would need to rebrand urgently. However, these cases do not apply to Pico fruit drink, so I see no reason for us to spend so much time and money doing something that may very well backfire in the long run. A reason we do not need to rebrand Pico fruit drink is because it has all the qualities of a good brand which according to Uche (2012) Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review (OMAN Chapter) Vol. 2, No.3; Oct. 2012 are: 1. Confirms Credibility: A good brand is a signature of credibility, a symbol of trust, an image of consistency. It must therefore always espouse and exhibit a credible personality, which strengthens and compensates its clienteles/consumers for their sustained loyalty (brand equity). So far, consumers seem to like Pico fruit drink. They seem to like its personality, its quality and what it stands for which is trust and responsibility. Responsibility to the environment by producing safe recyclable packages, responsibility to our customers by producing delicious, healthy and hygienic fruit drink and responsibility to the brand by ensuring it never falls below standard. 2. Attracts Potential opportunities: Any brand that lacks a sustained ability to attract and exploit potential opportunities is not a good one. Not just opportunities in terms of brand extension, but opportunities in terms of innovative marketing strategies and advertising mix like exploiting the social media to create buzz which Pico has done in the past and is still doing to attract attention, organizing promotional offers, giving discounts and so on. The existing clientele base of a brand must not only be maintained, but also expanded, through the exploitation of whatever opportunities are present in the market, especially in a competitive environment, where the life and continued existence of the entity or product, is dependent on its ability to maintain and expand its clientele base. 3. Delivers clear and precise information: The message delivered by a brand must at all times be concise, consistent, and clear, and must not be packaged in such a way that it confuses consumers. Pico as a brand has tried to avoid ambiguity in all its messages and promotion materials in order not to cause confusion among customers thereby damaging the brand. Since a brand is a statement or commitment to quality, improved value and service delivery, advertisements, jingles, and other interfaces with which a product or entity connects with clients and prospective clients should be consistent, concise, and must be coherent with the actual performance of the brand, if the brand is to be defined as good. Otherwise, the brands identity, franchise, awareness, equity, image, and recognition will be adversely affected. In this view also, there should be strong brand differentiation, to enable customers correctly identify their choice of brand, and this means that the logo, image, mark, and ot her items affiliated with a brand should be distinct, to dissuade confusions that sometimes arise from inability of customers to distinguish one brands image or logo (identity) from another. Failure in this regard can lead to a brands untimely demise. 4. Ability of the Brand to Procure, Protract, and Preserve a Relationships and a Titanic Clientele base: Following a pragmatic viewpoint, a good brand should be able to foster a cordial, mutual, and self-sustaining relationship with its clienteles, which is continually expanding. For a brand to be classified as being good it must exhibit an inherent aptitude and propensity to secure and conserve existing relationships, while striving to build new ones, through its commitment to connect and establish workable and healthy relationships with old clients from whom fresh and prospective clients are fetched, to swell the clientele base of the brand. EXCELLENT BRAND MANAGEMENT PRCATICES EVERY BRAND SHOULD FOLLOW Building a brand that enjoys patronage and respect requires the establishment of a scheme, which ensures longevity of the brand in the market. Simple guidelines like the ones below which are in no way exhaustive, should be initiated: 1. We should always make sure that at no point in the lifespan of a product/brand should we introduce ideas and market strategies that alter the name, logo, symbol, or other aspects of a brand that makes it unique and different from other brands in the same product category, unless there is an extremely good reason for doing this. The name, package or distinct logo of a brand is a symbol that is universal and understandable by consumers, who not only attach sentiments to the package or logo, but are quick to employ it as a reference point of satisfaction and quality. While positive changes in other aspects of a brand are recommended, even during mergers, utmost care must be taken to preserve the distinctive identity of a brand, as this is the brain behind successful brands like Coca-Cola, Pepsi and Mobil, which have introduced various products, but still employ or affiliate their names to such products, to retain its clienteles. 2. In successfully managing a brand, a manager should always strive to generate and establish an indelible and positive impression of the brand in the mind of its consumers, especially where the market is characterized by competition. The brand equity of a product must be on the positive side, and this is attainable only when positive and indelible images of a brand is created in the mind of its patrons or customers; this is an undeniable formula for success in a competitive market, where consumers taste and choice varies. 3. Fulfilling the brand promise or contract is one practice that should never be neglected by a brand manager or owner, if a brand is to prosper and be sustained in any competitive market. A subconscious contract exists between a producer and the clients, to the effect that the brand must meet and surpass a mark of quality that is appreciable to its consumers, if the loyalty and patronage of the consumers is to be sustained. To this extent, if managers fail to meet or surpass the standard of quality that is obtainable and attained by competing brands in a market, especially when it fails to meet the expectation of consumers, a negative brand experience ensues, which could lead to the decline and possible death of the brand. 4. Giving adequate protection to a brand is an option that should be given adequate attention to by a manager and his team, if they want their product to do well in the market. A brand and its unique identity should not only be given legal protection in the form of copyright and patent cataloguing, which prevents dubious replication by fraudsters and even competition but should also be protected by maintaining an appreciable standard and quality, which should be jealously guarded and should never be compromised, immersed in scandal, or be allowed to tread the paths of deficient and mediocre products and brands. 5. In many cases, brand managers make the tragic mistake of rating and quantifying their brands and the charge of sustaining it as cost, rather than assets, and the outcome is unpleasant and detrimental to the development and sustainability of the brand. A brand is among the most prized asset of any entity, product, or producer; whatever is thus spent in advertising and marketing a brand should be treated as an investment, rather than as cost. Trying to quantify the effects of investing (advertising and marketing) in a brand may not be visible in the balance sheet, but in the long run, evaluation of state of affairs in the market will reveal the enviable function that the investments in the brand is yielding. Thus, investments made in the development, advertising, and marketing of a brand is not wasted, and should not be treated as cost, but as a high-yielding investment by brand managers. 6. Treating customers and other stakeholders with esteem is one practice that should not be neglected by brand managers, if the desire to establish a viable brand is to be achieved. In a corporate environment, good corporate governance should be observed, if the yearnings and aspirations of customers, patrons, and shareholders are to be met. This cannot be achieved in the absence of a workforce that is not ade

Impact of Air Pollution to the Environment in Malaysia

Impact of Air Pollution to the Environment in Malaysia 1.0  Introduction Health impact assessment (HIA) is the process of evaluating the possible impact of a biological, chemical, physical or social factor on specific human population system under a fixed environment and for certain duration. (HIA) is an important element of the environmental impact assessment process, which has been considered compulsory for all approved activities under the Environmental Impact Assessment Order, 1987, which comes under the umbrella of the Environmental Quality Act, 1974. Although all involved HIA consultants are registered under the EIA Consultant Registration Scheme, their HIA conduct in Malaysia is not consistent with the requirement. Therefore, introduction of a guidance document is a needed to make all HIA practice is more consistent with the enforcement. The aim of the Guidance Document on HIA is to provide information to all stakeholders such as consultants, industries, government agencies and the public on the assessment of health impacts from a project developme nt. Prof. Dr. Jamal Hisham Hashim, DOE,( 2009) Health Impact Assessment also a planning tool and a process that systematically recognizes and inspects both the potential positive and negative health impacts of an activity or a project development. In this planning structure, the outcome of an assessment provides the perfect way to implement the plan to maximize positive health controls and minimize negative health impacts to the environment. Open burning is a major source of air pollution in the urban area in Malaysia. Burning rubbish openly, burning the forest for replantation or development, burning rice straw on paddy fields which releases harmful chemicals and gases should be totally avoided altogether to avoid the air pollution in Malaysia. Many citizens of Malaysia are still unaware of the impact of their action which their action lead environmental and health effect in Malaysia. In this assignment, the reader should be able to understand the assessment process of Health and Impact Assessment and the effects of air pollutio n from open burning in the urban area of Malaysia and the strategies that can be applied to reduce or eliminate them. Prof. Dr. Jamal Hisham Hashim, DOE, 2009) 2.0  Health Impact Assessment (HIA) Process According to Department of Environment (DOE)Malaysia, environmental impact assessment (EIA) is a study to explore, predict, evaluate and convey the consequences of the open burning to the environment and the mitigating measures prior to a project approval and implementation (DOE, 2009). Minister of Natural Resources and Environment was empowers under section 34A of the Environmental Quality Act, 1974 to perform prescribe any activity which may have substantial environmental impact in Malaysia. 2.1  The purpose of Health Impact Assessment (HIA) Process The purpose of HIA process is to evaluate the potential development need to conduct an HIA for the project. HIA may not require for all development projects in Malaysia. As detailed in EIA, HIA is not required unless it can be objectively debated that an HIA is not give significant effect to the particular project. Referring to the previous project history and the known outcome of the prescribed activities of the projects record will describe the requirement of HIA for a particular project. However, the project not listed in HIA database listing are must be screened for the need to undergo an HIA. A screening checklist is has been developed to assist the Project Initiators and the Department of Environment in screening potential projects or prescribed activities that would require an HIA. 2.2  The scope of Health Impact Assessment (HIA) Process Health impact assessment (HIA) is becoming an important tool for assessing the health impacts of policies, programmes and projects. There are several guidelines on HIA, both general and specific procedure that has been published to describe the requirements. The aim of this â€Å"Guidance Document† is to specifically address requirement of the assessment. The application of HIA has been mainly in the framework of an EIA study in Malaysia. However, due to lack of official guideline on its implementation, many methodologies and formats have been engaged by HIA consultants resulting in inconsistency in the HIA. Therefore, the scope of HIA is to prevent the health impacts that may arise from a project development. HIA not only developed to help avoiding unnecessary difficulties of negative health impacts but also preventing a health effect in which certainly less cost effective than treating them. 2.3  The assessment of Health Impact Assessment (HIA) Process Risk reduction is a process of risk management and it required to be assessed before an initiative to minimize the risk can be taken. The goal of health risk assessment process is to identify, define the risk and subsequently is to assess the risk exposure to the surrounding. The risk can be adequately assessed and categorised from the information obtained from hazard and exposure and Health Impact Assessment and it can also be defined as an organisational approach. Health risk assessment is applied for the assessment of health hazards from the environment. There are two methods to assess the health risk exposure, namely the quantitative and qualitative health risk assessment. A numerical measure of the risk or safety of a chemical exposure is derived from the quantitative risk assessment. The generated numerical measure value of the risk is than compared with the guideline or a defined acceptable risk level. There are two categories of risks being assessed when performing a quantitative risk assessment, namely non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risk and it is the preferred assessment for HIA in Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) whenever this is applicable. DOE (2009) A qualitative risk assessment simply characterises or compares the hazard of a chemical relation to each other’s or describes the hazard in only qualitative terms, such as mutagen or carcinogen, which predicts certain risk or safety procedures measures may not require a numerical assessment or quantitative risk assessment. Some health risk related with contagious diseases may not fit well to quantitative risk assessment due to the nature of the risk. Therefore, a qualitative risk assessment may only be the assessment method whenever it is possible to execute based on the requirement. As quoted in National Academy of Sciences (1996), â€Å"quantitative risk assessment can be defined as the classification of the potential adverse health effects of human exposures to environmental hazards†. The risk assessment contains four steps, which consist of hazard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure assessment and risk classification. The use of quantitative health ri sk assessment is mostly limited to the assessment of chemical hazards. Biological and physical hazards do not fit well to quantitative assessment where in such cases, qualitative assessment should be applied for the purpose. DOE, (2009) 3.0  Open burning activity According to Environmental Quality Act 1974 (Act 127) any burning conducted in such a manner that combustion air is not efficiently controlled and that combustion products are not vented through a stack or chimney, including but not limited to burning conducted in open outdoor fires, common burn barrels and backyard incinerators is define as open burning. The burning is typically conducted using burn barrels, separated pits, backyard burners, and pilling up of refuse, trash, yard trimmings or leaves also considered into this category. Datuk Law Hieng Ding, DOE (2000) 3.1 Causes of open burning i)  Jungle fire Jungle fire fires and the resultant smoke-haze are somewhat new experiences to Malaysia. The problems are seemed to be intensely increasing and repeated occasionally. Under normal circumstances, the unexplored jungles of Malaysia will not catch fire easily and even if it catches fire, the fire will not be spreading extensively due to the humidity that exceeds 75% and the rate of litter decomposition on the forest ground is reasonably fast. There is very little chance of the forest to catch fire unless these conditions are changed due climate changes. However, when water in these areas is drained during development projects, the ground becomes completely dry and is has high possibility to catch fire. Under these conditions the fire spreads underground and can keep burning for a long time. Wan Mohd Shukri Wan Ahmad ( 2001) ii)  Human causes The other sources that can contribute to one of the causes of the fire are mostly by the actions of humans. Some of the major reasons are caused by individuals who want to eliminate things like garbage from their backyard. There are some farmers who burn rice straws to clean their fields before replantation and preparation of agricultural plantations. These are activities that are very commonly can be seen in Malaysia. DES,(2013) 3.2 The effect of open burning The fire gives extensive damage to plants, animals, environment and the health of people surrounding the affected areas. The haze and air pollution are at a dangerous level in most of these areas and at times it reaches to intolerable and hazardous levels. Although there’s an increase in respiratory related sicknesses in the neighbourhood caused by the forest fire, the long term effects of open burning will affect mainly the health of people and is difficult to solve and is now an issue of concern in Malaysia. Besides the effect as mentioned above, open burning also disrupts the Malaysian economy and other measurable effects including reasons as quoted below. i)  Production losses. In year 1997, Malaysia reached a new urgency causing by the haze when the Air Pollution Index (API) readings reached 500ÃŽ ¼g/m3. Sarawak declared 10 days emergency state due prolongation of the haze which resulted in various production losses of economic activities. Firstly, the production losses inclusive of a reduction in growth of crops subsequent caused by reduction of sunlight. Secondly, the fishing activities reduced due to poor visibility for the fishing boats. These effects indirectly have reduced the expected profit per day of the business. Finally, the industrial and commercial activity delays in logistics and an increase the effort in cleaning and maintenance of equipment due to dust and corrosion occurrence. During this production downtime, the profits fall far away from the estimated value. Wan Mohd Shukri Wan Ahmad ( 2001) ii)  Tourism losses Tourism industry will tremendously hit by a drastic impact due to reduction of tourist arrivals from various countries to Malaysia caused by the haze. The government is forced to declare a state of emergency in certain areas where the air pollution indices reached dangerous levels which may lead to serious health concerns. This action is taken in order to regulate the effect of economic crisis which in itself is expected to affect the incoming of tourists into this land. Wan Mohd Shukri Wan Ahmad ( 2001) iii)  Health effect Open trash burning can release hexchlorobenzene (HCB) to the environment. This chemical contains high toxin that miscible slowly in the air. Theoretically, it can travel long distances in the air. It bio- accumulates in marine lives, birds and animals that feed on fish and sea plants. HCB is a probable human carcinogen, and based on studies, long-term and low-level exposures to HCB can damage growth of a developing baby or animal, kidney and liver damage and cause exhaustion and skin disease. Environmental service, (2013) iv) Global worming Open burning can also be the cause for global warming on earth. Numerous open burning is done by individuals who are not responsible. These activities can result in the release of carbon dioxide gas into the atmosphere and in will trap heat that originates from the earth. 3.3  Legal requirement for open burning. Government has launched an initiative to prevent and control the deterioration of air quality when the Department of Environment enforced the Environmental Quality Act (EQA 1974) Section 29A that discusses the prevention of open burning and Section 22 of the EQA 1974, section 29AA which prohibits individuals, companies or the premise of the release of pollutants air into atmosphere above the limit prescribed under the Environmental Quality Regulations EQA 1974. Datuk Law Hieng Ding, DOE (2000) a) Three main rules are enforced under Section 22 is as follows; i. Regulations Environmental Quality (Clean Air) ii. Regulations Environmental Quality (Control of Emission from Diesel engines) iii. Regulations Environmental Quality (Control of Emission from Petrol engines) b)  Exclusion from open burning â€Å"section, 29AA† The minister may declare the stop order relates to any fire, combustion or smouldering for the purpose of any activity specified in that order is not open burning as defined in and for the purpose of section 29A whenever conditions as may be specified in section 22A which exceed the specified in the order. DOE, (2014) c)  Offenses and penalties To prevent the open burning in Malaysia, the Department of Environment will take firm action against those who are involved in open burning as specified as an offense including compound of RM 2000 for each offense and court action in which the convicted will be penalised of the offense under Section 22 (3) Act and can be fined up to One Hundred Thousand Dollars (RM100,000) or imprisonment up to 5 years and under Section 29A of the EQA 1974 may which bring to a fine of up to Five Hundred Thousand Dollars (RM 500,000) or 5 years imprisonment if the charges are proven in the court. DOE,(2014) d)  Strategies to reduce open burning There are several ways to tackle the air pollution caused by open burning. i) The first step is that we need to change the mind set and attitude of our own. Most air pollution is due to the attitudes of people who are concerned with their own interests. Factory owners release toxic gases into the air because they want to make more profit and do not want to waste the money to filter gases. Therefore, we need to change the mind set and attitude of our own knowing air pollution will bring a lot of negative effects of environmental damage. ii) The second step is that the government should hold campaigns on air pollution awareness to the public. The aim is educate society about the importance of maintaining and protecting the environment. In addition, the public will be exposed to the effects, causes and measures to cope with the environment. This campaign should be held throughout so that the community will not forget the effort to protect the environment. This campaign can be provided at the school, council housing or public library and posters can also be placed in places that can be seen by the public. iii) The third step is to enforce laws and regulations. Intention to enforce the laws and regulations are parties to air pollution will be share out with in terms of the law. Factories, agricultural field that release fumes that pollute the air will be charged will be summoned. If they continue to perform these activities, the business license should be revoked. The objective is to minimize air pollution levels are lower. iv) Responsibility of community. Last but not least to the actions taken by the government and the authorities, the public must be responsible and equally protect the environment to ensure the earth is sustainable. Among the actions that can be made à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹is that to use public transport instead of private vehicles or car. On the other hand, the owner of the vehicle must ensure their vehicles do not release black smoke by taking steps to perform regular inspection and maintenance especially for the engine carburettor and fuel pump to be in good condition. The farmers are also should responsible take initiative to recycle the residual wood to transform into fertilizer or other mean of disposing waste creatively. The public can also make a complaint to the Royal Malaysian Police, Fire and Rescue Department and Local Authorities What if there is combustion of solid waste and reports can also be made to the DOE of any open burning carried out by industry and plantations. 4.0  Conclusion Health impact assessment (HIA) is the process of evaluating the possible impact of a biological, chemical, physical or social factor on specific human population system under a fixed environment and for certain duration. The activities approved under the Environmental Impact Assessment Order 1987, which comes under the umbrella of the Environmental Quality Act, 1974. Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is a study is conducted to explore, predict, evaluate and convey the outcome of the consequences of the environment pollution and the mitigating measures prior to project approval and implementation of EQA 1974 and the purpose of HIA process is to evaluate the potential development need to conduct an HIA for the project. There are two methods to assess the health risk exposure, namely the quantitative and qualitative health risk assessment. A numerical measure of the risk or safety of a chemical exposure is derived from the quantitative risk assessment whereby the qualitative risk as sessment may only be the assessment the nature of the risk. Open burning becomes the contribution factor for air pollution in this country. Several cause which being identified such as Forest fire and Human causes and the effects which contributing to production losses, tourism losses, health effect and global warming. Rules and regulation are established by the government to prevent and control the deterioration of air quality under EQA 1974 and the action taken who found to be breaking the law. Strategies taken inclusive of changing people mind set and attitude, campaigns for public awareness, enforcing laws and regulations and encouraging using public transport which may reduce the environmental impact to air pollution. In conclusion, the people and the government must work together to solve the problem of air pollution. Although it cannot be eliminated overnight, but with the cooperation of various parties air pollution problems can be solved. We must think of the generations that will require environmental gives a beautiful and comfortab le for them to live in this world and just treat the environment that has been created by God. 2973 Words 5.0  References Datuk Law Hieng Ding/DOE. (2000). Environmental Quality Act 1974 [ACT 127]. Retrieved Oct 2,2014, from http://cp.doe.gov.my/pdf/Environmental%20 Quality %20(Prescribed%20Activities)%20(Open%20Burning).pdf Department of Environmental Services , New Hamspire. (2013). Open Burning of Residential Trash. Retrieved Oct 2,2014, from http://des.nh.gov/organization/ commissioner/pip/factsheets/ard/documents/ard-33.pdf Department for Environment. (2014). Enforcement on Air Pollution . Retrieved Oct 3,2014, from http://www.doe.gov.my/portalv1/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Kenyataan-Akhbar-Mengenai-Penguatkuasaan-Pencemaran-Udara-24-Julai-2014.pdf Prof. Dr. Jamal Hisham Hashim/DOE. (2009). Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). Retrieved Oct 2,2014, from http://www.doe.gov.my/eia/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/HIA-Guidance-Document.pdf Wan Mohd Shukri Wan Ahmad/ Natural Forest Division. (2001). Forest Fire Situation in Malaysia. Retrieved Oct 2,2014, from http://www.fire.uni-freiburg.de/ iffn/country/ my/ my_2.htm

How Concentration and Temperature Affects the Rate of Reaction Essays

How Concentration and Temperature Affects the Rate of Reaction between Magnesium Ribbon and Hydrochloric Acid. WHAT I AM INVESTIGATING I am going to investigate how concentration and temperature affects the rate of reaction between magnesium ribbon and hydrochloric acid. MY PREDICTION The thing which I expect to happen is the more acid added to water the faster the reaction will happen. Also the hotter the solution the quicker the reaction will happen. THEORY TO BACK UP PREDICTION This will happen because when the temperature increases it will give the particles energy which will make the particles move quicker causing more particles to â€Å"collide† this will make the reaction quicker. I predict that these factors might have an effect on the results 1. Temperature- how hot or cold 2. Concentration- how much acid, how little 3. surface area- how big or small 4. Time- how fast, how slow 5. Catalyst- will speed up the reaction but won’t get used up. 6. mass of magnesium- how much magnesium The idea that I am going to investigate is how the increase of temperature will affect the speed of reaction. Planning The equipment I will need is:  · Goggles for eye protection  · Beaker to put acid and water in  · Stop clock for measuring the time  · Magnesium strips to put in the solution the magnesium strip will be 3cm  · Acid to mix with the water  · Water to mix with the acid  · Measuring cylinder to make the experim...

Sex & Violence in the Media Essay -- Essays Papers

Sex & Violence in the Media On February 1, 2004, millions of Americans sat down around their television sets with their family and friends to watch the biggest sports event of the year: Super Bowl XXXVIII. Inside the Reliant Stadium of Houston, Texas, the New England Patriots beat the Carolina Panthers 32-29 in one of the closest games in recent history; but this year it wasn’t the football game or even the commercials that had people talking. It was an incident that occurred during the halftime show that involved pop singers Janet Jackson and Justin Timberlake that ended in millions of Americans having the privilege to see the left breast of Janet Jackson for a few moments. This single issue may not have been a huge ordeal in itself, but it brought to surface some very pertinent questions about how far was too far in the media, what the government should do to control it, and what effects sex and violence in the media were having on American culture. The events that took place during the halftime show of the Super Bowl may have shocked and angered many parents for exposing such sexual behavior and nudity to their children, but there were also a great number of people who questioned why people were so upset over a few seconds of screen time that Janet Jackson’s left breast received. After all, it was simply part of the female anatomy. Many people argued that it wasn’t just nudity, that it was â€Å"softcore† pornography because of the sexual conduct that was behind the performance. It is understandable that Jackson and Timberlake’s routine was full of sexual innuendo, but the majority of young children usually don’t pick up on such behavior and thus a simple â€Å"wardrobe malfunction.† Whether the performance during the halftime ... ...ildren, teenagers, and adults in many different ways. While some people were outraged by the Super Bowl incident and others believed it was merely an accident that could have been prevented, the event put to the test some fundamental questions concerning how much power the media should have. Because the FCC is on a rampage right now trying to put an end to these problems, many networks are implementing new features such as the ten second delay, and others are trying to promote the use of V-chips (prevent children from viewing objectionable material) and reminding Americans of the rating system that is on the television. But the fact is, television is free to the public, and the public is watching. As sex and violence increasingly fill our television sets, our minds become more adjusted to such behaviors and we forget to grasp reality and focus on the important things.

Causes of the Boer War

There were significant political conflicts between the two sides. The Boers treated all blacks very badly and did not give basic human rights even to the blacks working for them. They made them pay taxes but could not vote. It was said to be through religious reasons that the Boers treated blacks so badly. This awful treatment infuriated the British, who had abolished slavery in all its colonies as well as at home in 1834. The Dutch wanted to keep its slaves. Europeans working in the Boer territories were also mistreated. These â€Å"Uitlanders† as they were known were key to the Boers' economic success, yet were still denied the vote. The war occurred also because of strategic reasons. The British had already seized Swaziland, Bechuanaland and Basutoland, which more or less surrounded the Boers who feared that if the British took any more territory, they could be under siege, particularly if their route to the sea was blocked. The British wanted to control all of Southern Africa, not just small areas which were isolated – the Boers were their main opponents. There were economic issues involved in the war. The Boers took control of the Transvaal and set up the Orange Free State. They found gold in the Transvaal and this area became very rich indeed. Later diamonds were found in this area as well, and there was argument between the British and Boers over in which nation's territory they lay. Certain individuals had a major role in provoking the war. Cecil Rhodes was probably the most ambitious of Britain's leaders abroad. He was a real imperialist, and strove to expand the British Empire further, especially through his dream of a â€Å"Cape Colony to Cairo† railway. He was strongly anti-Boer, and his actions seemed to shape British policy back at home. Also highly influential was Sir Alfred Milner, who was the British High Commissioner and was also strongly anti-Boer. He was supposed to be a peacemaker, but it were the demands he placed on the Boers which sparked the war, and he ended up looking more like a warmonger. Paul Kruger, President of the Transvaal and leader of the Boers, did not want to give in to the Uitlanders, since he feared he would lose his position if they were given the vote. It was he who had ordered the first attack against he British in 1881. The British were angered by the Boers first assault, but the Zulus' victory over the British led the arrogant Boers to believe that they could defeat them with ease. They were most ambitious, particularly after the absurd â€Å"Jameson Raid† where the British Dr. Jameson led only 500 men into the Transvaal. It was planned that the Uitlanders would join up and form an uprising to overpower and defeat Kruger and the Boers, however the raid was a failure and most of the British were killed or captured. The Boers did not accurately judge the British military.

To Kill A Mockingbird: Childhood Experience Essay

A kid or a teenager who has experienced maybe a family death or witnessed a terrible event might become more mature because their experience made them more mature. In To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee, Jem and Scout grow and mature through experiences. In To Kill A Mockingbird by Lee Harper, Scout and Jem grow and mature through experiences with Boo Radley. When she passed the Radley house for school, Scout felt sorry for Boo. â€Å"I sometimes felt a twinge of remorse when passing by the old place, at ever having taken part in what must have been a sheer torment to Arthur Radley† (Lee 324.) Scout had matured enough to know what they had done to try and communicate with Boo, had quite possibly been torment. She felt almost ashamed of their antics. After Bob Ewell had attacked Scout walked Boo back to the Radley house. â€Å"Atticus was right. One time he said you never really know a person until you stand in his shoes and walk around in them. Just standing on the Radley porch was enough† (374.) Scout had always wondered what kept Boo in the house, and now that she had walked around in his shoes a little bit she started to understand more. Jem took the verdict of the trail hard, and Scout struggled to understand. â€Å"Naw, Jem, I think there’s just one kind of folks. Folks.†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ â€Å"If there’s just one kind of folks, why can’t they get along with each other? If they’re all alike, why do they go out of their way to despise each other? Scout, I think I’m beginning to understand something. I think I’m started to understand why Boo Radley stayed shut up in the house all this time. It’s because he wants to† (304.) A part of growing up is realizing that the world’s not a pretty place and not everyone’s a nice person. Jem realized this with the outcome of the trial, he knew the verdict was unjust and Tom was convicted guilty simply because of people’s racial prejudice. Jem wonders why and how they could have done it. He thinks about it and instead of using a silly child’s story as to why Boo stays in the house, he starts to think that maybe this injustice in the world is the reason why Boo stays in the house. He thinks that maybe Boo wants to stay in the house because he also thinks the prejudice and unjust views of society are unfair and discriminatory. In To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee, Jem and Scout grow and mature through experiences with Tom Robinson’s trial. After the verdict of the trial, Jem is angry at the injustice. †It was Jem’s turn to cry. His face was streaked with angry tears as we made our way through the cheerful crowd. â€Å"It ain’t right† he muttered† (284.) Jem knew that Tom was innocent, he also knew that everyone else knew he was innocent, yet because of their racial prejudice, Tom was convicted guilty. Jem see’s this injustice and is greatly upset by it. Jem had matured enough to know it’s not right when the majority of the adults there didn’t and Scout just brushed it off. The trial led to Jem maturing and knowing people aren’t always good people. Scout, Miss Maudie, and Aunt Alexandra were given the news about Tom’s death while Aunt Alexandra was hosting a tea party. â€Å"After all if Aunty could be a lady at a time like this, so could I† (370.) Instead of throwing a temper tantrum or pouting and crying, like a kid her age might, Scout decides to act with maturity and dignity, just like Aunt Alexandra and Miss Maudie and return to the tea party. After the Bob Ewell attack, Atticus talks to Scout about what happened. â€Å"Scout,† He said. â€Å"Mr. Ewell fell on his knife. Can you possibly understand?† . . . â€Å"Yes sir, I understand,† I reassured him. â€Å"Mr. Tate was right.† Atticus disengaged himself and looked at me. â€Å"What do you mean?† â€Å"Well, It’d be sort of like shootin’ a mockingbird wouldn’t it?† (370.) Scout, still a young child, was mature enough to understand the situation and reassure Atticus, who was probably under a lot of strain and stress that night. Also by using the analogy â€Å"it’s sort of like shootin’ a Mockingbird† Scout shows she paid attention to Atticus and Maudie when they to ld her that shooting mockingbirds is a sin. In To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee, Jem grows and matures through life experiences. Scout tried to fight Walter because he made her start off on the wrong foot at school. â€Å"Come on home to dinner with us Walter† he [Jem] said â€Å"We’d be glad to have you† (30.) Scout angry at getting in trouble, childishly tried to fight Walter. When Jem got her off of him, Jem invited Walter to eat lunch at their house with them. Jem understood why Walter couldn’t afford lunch and wanted to help him. After the trial Dill, Jem, and Scout visit Miss. Maudie. â€Å"There should have three little ones. It was not like Miss. Maudie to forget Dill, and we must have shown it. But we understood when she cut from the big cake and gave a slice to Jem. (288.) The trial is when Jem lost his innocence of childhood, his â€Å"coming of age† in a sense. In a way, he â€Å"killed a Mockingbird† because mockingbirds are innocent, and the trial â€Å"killed† Jem’s childhood innocence. Miss. Maudie knows this, hence why Jem gets a slice from the big cake, the â€Å"adult cake.† He had matured past, his own little cake, unlike Scout and Dill. Scout finds Dill under her bed after he ran away from his parents in Meridian. â€Å"Jem was standing in a corner of the room looking like the traitor he was. â€Å"Dill I had to tell him,† he said. â€Å"You can’t run three hundred miles off without your mother knowin’.†(188.) While Scout would have kept it quiet, and kept her friends secret, Jem was mature enough to know that nobody knowing where Dill was was dangerous and scary. He knew it was irresponsible of Dill and that he should tell Atticus and did. Jem didn’t do it to tattle he did it for Dill’s safety, like a mature adult. Scout and Jem grew and became more mature through the things they experienced, they used possibly bad experienced and learned how to act maturely from it. A part of growing up and â€Å"coming of age.†